[
  {
    "id": "jp-chuugaku-1-data-no-katsuyou",
    "system": "jp",
    "subject": "中1",
    "unit": "データの活用",
    "topics": [
      "度数分布表とヒストグラム",
      "相対度数・累積度数",
      "代表値と範囲",
      "統計的確率（多数回の試行）"
    ],
    "us_equivalents": [
      {
        "course": "Pre-Algebra",
        "coverage": "most"
      },
      {
        "course": "Algebra 1",
        "coverage": "some"
      }
    ],
    "term_refs": [
      "compare",
      "data",
      "frequency",
      "frequency-table",
      "class",
      "class-width",
      "class-midpoint",
      "histogram",
      "frequency-polygon",
      "relative-frequency",
      "cumulative-frequency",
      "cumulative-relative-frequency",
      "measure-of-center",
      "median",
      "mode",
      "distribution",
      "experimental-probability",
      "trend",
      "spread",
      "maximum",
      "minimum",
      "read-off",
      "analyze",
      "tally",
      "be-skewed",
      "take-the-average",
      "arithmetic-mean",
      "range-of-data"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "type": "mext-translation",
        "doc": "中学校学習指導要領（平成29年告示）英訳版（仮訳）"
      }
    ],
    "updated": "2026-09-25"
  },
  {
    "id": "jp-chuugaku-1-heimen-zukei",
    "system": "jp",
    "subject": "中1",
    "unit": "平面図形",
    "topics": [
      "直線と角",
      "図形の移動（平行移動・回転移動・対称移動）",
      "基本の作図",
      "円とおうぎ形",
      "おうぎ形の弧の長さと面積"
    ],
    "us_equivalents": [
      {
        "course": "Pre-Algebra",
        "coverage": "some"
      },
      {
        "course": "Geometry",
        "coverage": "most",
        "note": "作図と移動は米国では Geometry"
      },
      {
        "course": "Integrated Math 1",
        "coverage": "most"
      }
    ],
    "term_refs": [
      "point-of-tangency",
      "rotation",
      "rotate",
      "perpendicular-bisector",
      "midpoint",
      "tangent-line",
      "reflection",
      "intersect",
      "symmetric",
      "distance",
      "point-of-intersection",
      "segment",
      "angle",
      "vertex",
      "chord",
      "area",
      "translation",
      "triangle",
      "perpendicular-lines",
      "rigid-motion",
      "line",
      "ray",
      "side",
      "perpendicular",
      "parallel",
      "angle-bisector",
      "circle",
      "center",
      "radius",
      "diameter",
      "arc",
      "sector",
      "central-angle",
      "circumference",
      "pi",
      "perimeter",
      "construction",
      "compass",
      "straightedge",
      "line-of-reflection",
      "line-symmetry",
      "point-symmetry",
      "quadrilateral",
      "polygon",
      "regular-polygon",
      "construct",
      "be-tangent-to",
      "coincide",
      "bisect",
      "translate",
      "reflect",
      "measure"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "type": "mext-translation",
        "doc": "中学校学習指導要領（平成29年告示）英訳版（仮訳）"
      }
    ],
    "updated": "2026-09-25"
  },
  {
    "id": "jp-chuugaku-1-hirei-hanpirei",
    "system": "jp",
    "subject": "中1",
    "unit": "比例と反比例",
    "topics": [
      "関数",
      "比例",
      "反比例",
      "座標",
      "比例・反比例のグラフ",
      "比例・反比例の利用"
    ],
    "us_equivalents": [
      {
        "course": "Pre-Algebra",
        "coverage": "most",
        "note": "direct / inverse variation として"
      },
      {
        "course": "Algebra 1",
        "coverage": "some"
      }
    ],
    "term_refs": [
      "coordinates",
      "read-off",
      "variable",
      "constant",
      "function",
      "direct-proportion",
      "inverse-proportion",
      "constant-of-proportionality",
      "domain-and-range",
      "coordinate-plane",
      "x-coordinate",
      "y-coordinate",
      "x-axis",
      "y-axis",
      "coordinate-axes",
      "quadrant",
      "graph",
      "hyperbola",
      "plot-a-point",
      "correspond",
      "increase",
      "decrease",
      "table-of-values",
      "write-an-equation",
      "change-together",
      "draw-a-graph",
      "pass-through"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "type": "mext-translation",
        "doc": "中学校学習指導要領（平成29年告示）英訳版（仮訳）"
      }
    ],
    "updated": "2026-09-25"
  },
  {
    "id": "jp-chuugaku-1-ichiji-houteishiki",
    "system": "jp",
    "subject": "中1",
    "unit": "一次方程式",
    "topics": [
      "方程式とその解",
      "等式の性質",
      "一次方程式の解き方",
      "比例式",
      "一次方程式の利用"
    ],
    "us_equivalents": [
      {
        "course": "Pre-Algebra",
        "coverage": "most"
      },
      {
        "course": "Algebra 1",
        "coverage": "most",
        "note": "多段階の一次方程式は Algebra 1 の最初の単元"
      },
      {
        "course": "Integrated Math 1",
        "coverage": "most"
      }
    ],
    "term_refs": [
      "move-term-to-other-side",
      "solution",
      "solve",
      "number-of-real-solutions",
      "equation",
      "linear-equation",
      "properties-of-equality",
      "ratio",
      "value-of-a-ratio",
      "proportion",
      "cross-multiply",
      "word-problem",
      "unknown",
      "hold",
      "find",
      "check",
      "simplify",
      "clear-the-denominators",
      "work-backwards",
      "satisfy"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "type": "mext-translation",
        "doc": "中学校学習指導要領（平成29年告示）英訳版（仮訳）"
      }
    ],
    "updated": "2026-09-25"
  },
  {
    "id": "jp-chuugaku-1-kuukan-zukei",
    "system": "jp",
    "subject": "中1",
    "unit": "空間図形",
    "topics": [
      "いろいろな立体",
      "直線や平面の位置関係",
      "立体の表し方（投影図・展開図）",
      "立体の表面積と体積",
      "球の表面積と体積"
    ],
    "us_equivalents": [
      {
        "course": "Pre-Algebra",
        "coverage": "most"
      },
      {
        "course": "Geometry",
        "coverage": "some",
        "note": "表面積・体積は Geometry の終盤"
      }
    ],
    "term_refs": [
      "slant-height",
      "intersect",
      "perpendicular",
      "solid",
      "plane",
      "prism",
      "pyramid",
      "cylinder",
      "cone",
      "sphere",
      "regular-polyhedron",
      "polyhedron",
      "lateral-face",
      "lateral-area",
      "surface-area",
      "volume",
      "area-of-the-base",
      "height",
      "net",
      "orthographic-projection",
      "skew-lines",
      "solid-of-revolution",
      "rectangular-prism",
      "triangular-prism",
      "square-pyramid",
      "regular-tetrahedron",
      "edge",
      "face",
      "lie-in",
      "line-of-intersection",
      "base-of-a-solid",
      "cube-solid",
      "sketch-of-a-solid",
      "relative-positions-of-two-lines",
      "line-perpendicular-to-a-plane"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "type": "mext-translation",
        "doc": "中学校学習指導要領（平成29年告示）英訳版（仮訳）"
      }
    ],
    "updated": "2026-09-27"
  },
  {
    "id": "jp-chuugaku-1-moji-to-shiki",
    "system": "jp",
    "subject": "中1",
    "unit": "文字と式",
    "topics": [
      "文字を用いた式",
      "式の値",
      "一次式の計算",
      "関係を表す式（等式・不等式）"
    ],
    "us_equivalents": [
      {
        "course": "Pre-Algebra",
        "coverage": "full"
      },
      {
        "course": "Algebra 1",
        "coverage": "some"
      }
    ],
    "term_refs": [
      "substitute",
      "evaluate",
      "let-u-equal",
      "distance",
      "rate",
      "algebraic-expression",
      "variable",
      "expression",
      "coefficient",
      "constant",
      "constant-term",
      "like-terms",
      "linear-expression",
      "value-of-the-expression",
      "quantity",
      "equation",
      "inequality",
      "left-hand-side",
      "right-hand-side",
      "both-sides",
      "equal-sign",
      "inequality-sign",
      "unit",
      "percent",
      "speed",
      "combine-like-terms",
      "represent",
      "times",
      "simplify",
      "write-an-equation"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "type": "mext-translation",
        "doc": "中学校学習指導要領（平成29年告示）英訳版（仮訳）"
      }
    ],
    "updated": "2026-09-25"
  },
  {
    "id": "jp-chuugaku-1-seifu-no-suu",
    "system": "jp",
    "subject": "中1",
    "unit": "正の数と負の数",
    "topics": [
      "正の数・負の数",
      "数直線と絶対値",
      "加法と減法",
      "乗法と除法",
      "累乗",
      "素因数分解",
      "数の集合と四則"
    ],
    "us_equivalents": [
      {
        "course": "Pre-Algebra",
        "coverage": "full"
      },
      {
        "course": "Integrated Math 1",
        "coverage": "some",
        "note": "整数の四則は Math 7 で終えている前提"
      }
    ],
    "term_refs": [
      "number-line",
      "prime-factorization",
      "positive-number",
      "negative-number",
      "positive-and-negative-numbers",
      "sign",
      "absolute-value",
      "origin",
      "integer",
      "natural-number",
      "opposite",
      "addition",
      "subtraction",
      "multiplication",
      "division",
      "the-four-operations",
      "reciprocal",
      "power",
      "exponent",
      "square",
      "cube",
      "prime-number",
      "prime-factor",
      "commutative-property",
      "associative-property",
      "distributive-property",
      "term",
      "fraction",
      "decimal",
      "add",
      "subtract",
      "multiply",
      "divide",
      "compute",
      "greater-than",
      "less-than",
      "greater-than-or-equal-to",
      "less-than-or-equal-to",
      "round",
      "parentheses",
      "approximate-value",
      "base-of-a-power"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "type": "mext-translation",
        "doc": "中学校学習指導要領（平成29年告示）英訳版（仮訳）"
      }
    ],
    "updated": "2026-09-25"
  },
  {
    "id": "jp-chuugaku-2-data-no-katsuyou",
    "system": "jp",
    "subject": "中2",
    "unit": "データの活用",
    "topics": [
      "四分位数",
      "四分位範囲",
      "箱ひげ図",
      "データの傾向の比較"
    ],
    "us_equivalents": [
      {
        "course": "Algebra 1",
        "coverage": "most"
      },
      {
        "course": "AP Statistics",
        "coverage": "some"
      }
    ],
    "term_refs": [
      "spread",
      "quartile",
      "interquartile-range",
      "box-plot",
      "whisker",
      "outlier",
      "five-number-summary",
      "compare"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "type": "mext-translation",
        "doc": "中学校学習指導要領（平成29年告示）英訳版（仮訳）"
      }
    ],
    "updated": "2026-09-25"
  },
  {
    "id": "jp-chuugaku-2-heikou-to-goudou",
    "system": "jp",
    "subject": "中2",
    "unit": "平行と合同",
    "topics": [
      "平行線と角（対頂角・同位角・錯角）",
      "多角形の内角と外角",
      "三角形の合同",
      "合同条件",
      "証明のしくみ"
    ],
    "us_equivalents": [
      {
        "course": "Geometry",
        "coverage": "full"
      },
      {
        "course": "Integrated Math 1",
        "coverage": "most"
      }
    ],
    "term_refs": [
      "angle",
      "congruent",
      "proof",
      "counterexample",
      "hypothesis",
      "prove",
      "parallel-lines",
      "sss-congruence",
      "sas-congruence",
      "asa-congruence",
      "hold",
      "correspond",
      "vertical-angles",
      "corresponding-angles",
      "alternate-interior-angles",
      "same-side-interior-angles",
      "interior-angle",
      "exterior-angle",
      "sum-of-the-interior-angles",
      "sum-of-the-exterior-angles",
      "angle-sum-of-a-triangle",
      "acute-angle",
      "right-angle",
      "obtuse-angle",
      "acute-triangle",
      "right-triangle",
      "obtuse-triangle",
      "corresponding-sides",
      "congruence-criteria",
      "conclusion",
      "theorem",
      "definition",
      "converse",
      "auxiliary-line",
      "equal",
      "corresponding-angles-of-congruent-figures",
      "equal-angles"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "type": "mext-translation",
        "doc": "中学校学習指導要領（平成29年告示）英訳版（仮訳）"
      }
    ],
    "updated": "2026-09-27"
  },
  {
    "id": "jp-chuugaku-2-ichiji-kansuu",
    "system": "jp",
    "subject": "中2",
    "unit": "一次関数",
    "topics": [
      "一次関数",
      "一次関数の値の変化",
      "一次関数のグラフ",
      "一次関数と方程式",
      "一次関数の利用"
    ],
    "us_equivalents": [
      {
        "course": "Algebra 1",
        "coverage": "full"
      },
      {
        "course": "Integrated Math 1",
        "coverage": "full"
      }
    ],
    "term_refs": [
      "rate-of-change",
      "equation-of-a-line",
      "parallel-lines",
      "decreasing",
      "find-the-equation",
      "is-monotonically-increasing",
      "x-intercept",
      "translation",
      "point-of-intersection",
      "direct-proportion",
      "change-together",
      "pass-through",
      "linear-equation-in-two-variables",
      "linear-function",
      "slope",
      "y-intercept",
      "change",
      "domain",
      "constant-function",
      "linear",
      "representations-of-a-function",
      "range"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "type": "mext-translation",
        "doc": "中学校学習指導要領（平成29年告示）英訳版（仮訳）"
      }
    ],
    "updated": "2026-09-25"
  },
  {
    "id": "jp-chuugaku-2-kakuritsu",
    "system": "jp",
    "subject": "中2",
    "unit": "確率",
    "topics": [
      "同様に確からしいこと",
      "確率の求め方（樹形図・表）",
      "いろいろな確率"
    ],
    "us_equivalents": [
      {
        "course": "Pre-Algebra",
        "coverage": "most"
      },
      {
        "course": "Geometry",
        "coverage": "some",
        "note": "米国では Geometry の末尾に確率を置く教科書がある"
      },
      {
        "course": "Integrated Math 2",
        "coverage": "most"
      }
    ],
    "term_refs": [
      "tree-diagram",
      "probability",
      "at-least-one",
      "sample-space",
      "sampling-with-replacement",
      "sampling-without-replacement",
      "complementary-event",
      "number-of-possible-outcomes",
      "equally-likely",
      "event",
      "die",
      "coin",
      "draw",
      "toss",
      "likelihood",
      "certain",
      "impossible",
      "law-of-large-numbers"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "type": "mext-translation",
        "doc": "中学校学習指導要領（平成29年告示）英訳版（仮訳）"
      }
    ],
    "updated": "2026-09-27"
  },
  {
    "id": "jp-chuugaku-2-renritsu-houteishiki",
    "system": "jp",
    "subject": "中2",
    "unit": "連立方程式",
    "topics": [
      "連立二元一次方程式",
      "加減法",
      "代入法",
      "連立方程式の利用"
    ],
    "us_equivalents": [
      {
        "course": "Algebra 1",
        "coverage": "full"
      },
      {
        "course": "Integrated Math 1",
        "coverage": "full"
      }
    ],
    "term_refs": [
      "system-of-linear-equations",
      "check",
      "satisfy",
      "elimination",
      "solution-pair",
      "linear-equation-in-two-variables",
      "eliminate",
      "checking-whether-the-solution-makes-sense",
      "no-solution",
      "infinitely-many-solutions",
      "surplus-and-shortage",
      "motion-problem",
      "mixture-problem",
      "substitution-method"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "type": "mext-translation",
        "doc": "中学校学習指導要領（平成29年告示）英訳版（仮訳）"
      }
    ],
    "updated": "2026-09-25"
  },
  {
    "id": "jp-chuugaku-2-sankakkei-to-shikakkei",
    "system": "jp",
    "subject": "中2",
    "unit": "三角形と四角形",
    "topics": [
      "二等辺三角形",
      "直角三角形の合同",
      "平行四辺形",
      "特別な平行四辺形",
      "平行線と面積"
    ],
    "us_equivalents": [
      {
        "course": "Geometry",
        "coverage": "full"
      },
      {
        "course": "Integrated Math 2",
        "coverage": "some"
      }
    ],
    "term_refs": [
      "isosceles-triangle",
      "necessary-and-sufficient-condition",
      "collinear",
      "reflexive-property",
      "congruent",
      "satisfy",
      "bisect",
      "definition",
      "converse",
      "base-angle",
      "vertex-angle",
      "equilateral-triangle",
      "congruence-criteria-for-right-triangles",
      "hypotenuse",
      "parallelogram",
      "rectangle",
      "rhombus",
      "trapezoid",
      "diagonal",
      "opposite-side",
      "opposite-angle",
      "conditions-for-a-parallelogram",
      "area-preserving-transformation",
      "midsegment-theorem",
      "base-of-a-triangle",
      "square-shape"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "type": "mext-translation",
        "doc": "中学校学習指導要領（平成29年告示）英訳版（仮訳）"
      }
    ],
    "updated": "2026-09-25"
  },
  {
    "id": "jp-chuugaku-2-shiki-no-keisan",
    "system": "jp",
    "subject": "中2",
    "unit": "式の計算",
    "topics": [
      "単項式と多項式",
      "多項式の加法・減法",
      "単項式の乗法・除法",
      "文字式の利用（整数の性質の説明）",
      "等式の変形"
    ],
    "us_equivalents": [
      {
        "course": "Algebra 1",
        "coverage": "most"
      },
      {
        "course": "Integrated Math 1",
        "coverage": "most"
      }
    ],
    "term_refs": [
      "prove",
      "remainder",
      "solve-for",
      "polynomial",
      "multiple",
      "common-factor",
      "digit",
      "place",
      "divisibility",
      "algebraic-expression",
      "combine-like-terms",
      "monomial",
      "degree",
      "quadratic-expression",
      "distribute",
      "expand",
      "rearranging-an-equation",
      "explain",
      "even-number",
      "odd-number",
      "consecutive-integers",
      "divisor",
      "quotient",
      "product",
      "sum",
      "difference",
      "dividend",
      "cancel-out",
      "divisor-in-division"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "type": "mext-translation",
        "doc": "中学校学習指導要領（平成29年告示）英訳版（仮訳）"
      }
    ],
    "updated": "2026-09-25"
  },
  {
    "id": "jp-chuugaku-3-en",
    "system": "jp",
    "subject": "中3",
    "unit": "円",
    "topics": [
      "円周角の定理",
      "円周角の定理の逆",
      "円周角の定理の利用"
    ],
    "us_equivalents": [
      {
        "course": "Geometry",
        "coverage": "most"
      },
      {
        "course": "Integrated Math 2",
        "coverage": "most"
      }
    ],
    "term_refs": [
      "inscribed-angle",
      "cyclic-quadrilateral",
      "arc-length",
      "tangent-line",
      "tangent-chord-theorem",
      "tangent-segments-are-equal",
      "position-of-a-line-relative-to-a-circle",
      "circle",
      "inscribed-angle-theorem",
      "converse-of-the-inscribed-angle-theorem",
      "angle-inscribed-in-a-semicircle",
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      {
        "type": "mext-translation",
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  },
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    "id": "jp-chuugaku-3-heihoukon",
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      "平方根",
      "根号を含む式の計算",
      "有理数と無理数",
      "近似値と有効数字"
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      {
        "course": "Integrated Math 2",
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      {
        "type": "mext-translation",
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      }
    ],
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  },
  {
    "id": "jp-chuugaku-3-hyouhon-chousa",
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    "subject": "中3",
    "unit": "標本調査",
    "topics": [
      "全数調査と標本調査",
      "無作為抽出",
      "標本調査の利用"
    ],
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      {
        "course": "Pre-Algebra",
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      },
      {
        "course": "Algebra 2",
        "coverage": "some"
      },
      {
        "course": "AP Statistics",
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      {
        "course": "Intro Statistics",
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      {
        "type": "mext-translation",
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    ],
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  },
  {
    "id": "jp-chuugaku-3-kansuu-y-ax2",
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    "subject": "中3",
    "unit": "関数 y=ax²",
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      "関数 y=ax²",
      "y=ax² のグラフ",
      "y=ax² の値の変化",
      "いろいろな事象と関数"
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        "course": "Integrated Math 2",
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        "type": "mext-translation",
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      }
    ],
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  },
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    "id": "jp-chuugaku-3-niji-houteishiki",
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      "二次方程式とその解",
      "因数分解による解法",
      "平方根の考えによる解法",
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      "二次方程式の利用"
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        "course": "Integrated Math 2",
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      {
        "type": "mext-translation",
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      }
    ],
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  },
  {
    "id": "jp-chuugaku-3-sanpeihou",
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      "三平方の定理",
      "三平方の定理の逆",
      "平面図形への利用",
      "空間図形への利用"
    ],
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        "course": "Geometry",
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      {
        "course": "Pre-Algebra",
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      {
        "course": "Integrated Math 2",
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      "45-45-90-triangle",
      "30-60-90-triangle",
      "distance-formula",
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      "shortest-distance",
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      {
        "type": "mext-translation",
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      }
    ],
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  },
  {
    "id": "jp-chuugaku-3-souji",
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      "相似な図形",
      "三角形の相似条件",
      "平行線と線分の比",
      "中点連結定理",
      "相似な図形の面積比・体積比",
      "相似の利用"
    ],
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      {
        "course": "Geometry",
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        "course": "Integrated Math 2",
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      "similarity-criteria",
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      "scale-drawing",
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      {
        "type": "mext-translation",
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    ],
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  },
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    "id": "jp-chuugaku-3-tenkai-insuubunkai",
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      "多項式の乗法",
      "乗法公式",
      "因数分解",
      "式の計算の利用"
    ],
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      {
        "course": "Integrated Math 1",
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        "course": "Integrated Math 2",
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      {
        "type": "mext-translation",
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      }
    ],
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  },
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    "id": "jp-suugaku-1-data-no-bunseki",
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    "subject": "数学I",
    "unit": "データの分析",
    "topics": [
      "データの整理",
      "代表値",
      "四分位数と箱ひげ図",
      "分散と標準偏差",
      "散布図と相関係数",
      "仮説検定の考え方"
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        "course": "Algebra 2",
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      "alternative-hypothesis",
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      "significance-level",
      "transformation-of-a-variable",
      "causation",
      "statistical-hypothesis",
      "statistical-variable"
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      {
        "type": "mext-translation",
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      }
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  },
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    "id": "jp-suugaku-1-kazu-to-shiki",
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      "絶対値",
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      {
        "type": "mext-translation",
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    ],
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      "二次関数のグラフ",
      "二次関数の最大・最小",
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        "course": "Algebra 2",
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        "course": "Integrated Math 2",
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      {
        "type": "mext-translation",
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    "id": "jp-suugaku-1-shuugou-to-meidai",
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      "集合の演算",
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      "逆・裏・対偶",
      "背理法"
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        "course": "Geometry",
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        "course": "Discrete Math",
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      {
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      "三角比の相互関係",
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        "course": "Geometry",
        "coverage": "most",
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      },
      {
        "course": "Algebra 2",
        "coverage": "some"
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      {
        "course": "Precalculus",
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  },
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    "id": "jp-suugaku-2-bibun-no-kangae",
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    "unit": "微分の考え",
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      "微分係数",
      "導関数",
      "接線",
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      "方程式・不等式への応用"
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        "course": "Precalculus",
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      {
        "type": "mext-translation",
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    "id": "jp-suugaku-2-fukusosuu-to-houteishiki",
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      "複素数",
      "二次方程式の解と判別式",
      "解と係数の関係",
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      {
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  },
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    "id": "jp-suugaku-2-sankaku-kansuu",
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      "一般角と弧度法",
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      "三角関数の性質とグラフ",
      "三角関数の加法定理",
      "2 倍角・半角の公式",
      "三角関数の合成"
    ],
    "us_equivalents": [
      {
        "course": "Algebra 2",
        "coverage": "some"
      },
      {
        "course": "Precalculus",
        "coverage": "full"
      }
    ],
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      "solve",
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      "trigonometric-identities",
      "general-angle",
      "radian-measure",
      "radian",
      "degree-measure",
      "terminal-side",
      "initial-side",
      "trigonometric-function",
      "period",
      "periodic-function",
      "amplitude",
      "even-function",
      "odd-function",
      "angle-addition-formulas",
      "double-angle-formulas",
      "half-angle-formulas",
      "triple-angle-formulas",
      "product-to-sum-formulas",
      "sum-to-product-formulas",
      "auxiliary-angle-form",
      "trigonometric-equation",
      "trigonometric-inequality",
      "area-of-a-sector",
      "reference-angle",
      "quadrantal-angle",
      "inverse-trigonometric-function",
      "general-solution",
      "phase",
      "phase-shift",
      "stretch-vertically",
      "compress-horizontally",
      "counterclockwise",
      "clockwise",
      "solve-for"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "type": "mext-translation",
        "doc": "高等学校学習指導要領（平成30年告示）英訳版（仮訳）"
      }
    ],
    "updated": "2026-09-11"
  },
  {
    "id": "jp-suugaku-2-sekibun-no-kangae",
    "system": "jp",
    "subject": "数学II",
    "unit": "積分の考え",
    "topics": [
      "不定積分",
      "定積分",
      "面積"
    ],
    "us_equivalents": [
      {
        "course": "AP Calculus AB",
        "coverage": "some",
        "note": "多項式の積分と面積のみ"
      },
      {
        "course": "Calculus I",
        "coverage": "some"
      }
    ],
    "term_refs": [
      "indefinite-integral",
      "antiderivative",
      "constant-of-integration",
      "definite-integral",
      "integration",
      "integrate",
      "integrand",
      "interval-of-integration",
      "upper-limit",
      "lower-limit",
      "area-under-the-curve",
      "area-between-two-curves",
      "fundamental-theorem-of-calculus",
      "properties-of-integrals",
      "integrals-of-even-and-odd-functions",
      "one-sixth-formula",
      "accumulation-function",
      "evaluate-the-integral",
      "reverse-of-differentiation",
      "integral-involving-absolute-value",
      "below-the-x-axis"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "type": "mext-translation",
        "doc": "高等学校学習指導要領（平成30年告示）英訳版（仮訳）"
      }
    ],
    "updated": "2026-09-24"
  },
  {
    "id": "jp-suugaku-2-shiki-to-shoumei",
    "system": "jp",
    "subject": "数学II",
    "unit": "式と証明",
    "topics": [
      "整式の除法",
      "分数式",
      "恒等式",
      "等式の証明",
      "不等式の証明",
      "二項定理",
      "相加平均・相乗平均"
    ],
    "us_equivalents": [
      {
        "course": "Algebra 2",
        "coverage": "most"
      },
      {
        "course": "Precalculus",
        "coverage": "some",
        "note": "二項定理は Precalculus"
      }
    ],
    "term_refs": [
      "am-gm-inequality",
      "find-a-common-denominator",
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      "compare-coefficients",
      "triangle-inequality",
      "polynomial-division",
      "division-algorithm",
      "synthetic-division",
      "rational-expression",
      "complex-fraction",
      "identity",
      "substituting-values",
      "proving-an-identity",
      "arithmetic-mean",
      "geometric-mean",
      "equality-holds",
      "multinomial-theorem",
      "general-term",
      "cauchy-schwarz-inequality",
      "reduce",
      "numerator",
      "denominator",
      "partial-fraction-decomposition",
      "binomial-theorem",
      "binomial-coefficient",
      "pascals-triangle"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "type": "mext-translation",
        "doc": "高等学校学習指導要領（平成30年告示）英訳版（仮訳）"
      }
    ],
    "updated": "2026-09-27"
  },
  {
    "id": "jp-suugaku-2-shisuu-taisuu",
    "system": "jp",
    "subject": "数学II",
    "unit": "指数関数と対数関数",
    "topics": [
      "指数の拡張",
      "指数関数",
      "対数とその性質",
      "対数関数",
      "常用対数"
    ],
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      {
        "course": "Algebra 2",
        "coverage": "full"
      },
      {
        "course": "Precalculus",
        "coverage": "full"
      },
      {
        "course": "Integrated Math 3",
        "coverage": "most"
      }
    ],
    "term_refs": [
      "properties-of-logarithms",
      "nth-root",
      "compare",
      "decreasing",
      "is-monotonically-increasing",
      "laws-of-exponents",
      "negative-exponent",
      "rational-exponent",
      "zero-exponent",
      "exponential-function",
      "exponential-equation",
      "exponential-inequality",
      "logarithm",
      "argument",
      "change-of-base-formula",
      "common-logarithm",
      "natural-logarithm",
      "logarithmic-function",
      "logarithmic-equation",
      "logarithmic-inequality",
      "number-of-digits",
      "grow-exponentially",
      "exponential-growth",
      "exponential-decay",
      "write-with-the-same-base",
      "take-the-log-of-both-sides",
      "leading-digit",
      "undo-the-log",
      "rewrite-in-exponential-form",
      "rewrite-in-logarithmic-form",
      "asymptote"
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    "sources": [
      {
        "type": "mext-translation",
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      }
    ],
    "updated": "2026-09-27"
  },
  {
    "id": "jp-suugaku-2-zukei-to-houteishiki",
    "system": "jp",
    "subject": "数学II",
    "unit": "図形と方程式",
    "topics": [
      "点と座標",
      "直線の方程式",
      "円の方程式",
      "円と直線",
      "軌跡と方程式",
      "不等式の表す領域"
    ],
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      {
        "course": "Geometry",
        "coverage": "some",
        "note": "座標幾何の基礎"
      },
      {
        "course": "Algebra 2",
        "coverage": "some"
      },
      {
        "course": "Precalculus",
        "coverage": "most",
        "note": "円の方程式・線形計画法・軌跡"
      }
    ],
    "term_refs": [
      "parameter",
      "locus",
      "perpendicular-bisector",
      "midpoint",
      "tangent-line",
      "reflection",
      "intersect",
      "symmetric",
      "equation-of-a-line",
      "parallel-lines",
      "find-the-equation",
      "point-of-internal-division",
      "centroid",
      "distance-from-a-point-to-a-line",
      "perpendicular-lines",
      "equation-of-a-circle",
      "general-form-of-a-circle",
      "position-of-a-line-relative-to-a-circle",
      "circle-through-the-intersections-of-two-circles",
      "region",
      "linear-programming",
      "boundary",
      "apollonian-circle",
      "distance",
      "point-of-intersection",
      "sketch",
      "point-of-external-division"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "type": "mext-translation",
        "doc": "高等学校学習指導要領（平成30年告示）英訳版（仮訳）"
      }
    ],
    "updated": "2026-09-27"
  },
  {
    "id": "jp-suugaku-3-bibun",
    "system": "jp",
    "subject": "数学III",
    "unit": "微分法",
    "topics": [
      "微分法（積・商・合成関数）",
      "いろいろな関数の導関数",
      "高次導関数・陰関数・媒介変数",
      "接線と法線",
      "平均値の定理",
      "関数の増減とグラフの凹凸",
      "速度・加速度、近似式"
    ],
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      {
        "course": "AP Calculus AB",
        "coverage": "full"
      },
      {
        "course": "AP Calculus BC",
        "coverage": "full"
      },
      {
        "course": "Calculus I",
        "coverage": "full"
      }
    ],
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      "increasing-and-decreasing",
      "number-of-real-solutions",
      "sketch-the-graph",
      "differentiability",
      "product-rule",
      "quotient-rule",
      "chain-rule",
      "derivative-of-an-inverse-function",
      "implicit-function",
      "implicit-differentiation",
      "parametric-equations",
      "derivative-of-a-parametric-curve",
      "derivatives-of-trigonometric-functions",
      "derivative-of-the-exponential-function",
      "derivative-of-the-logarithm",
      "logarithmic-differentiation",
      "higher-order-derivative",
      "second-derivative",
      "nth-derivative",
      "mean-value-theorem",
      "rolles-theorem",
      "concavity",
      "inflection-point",
      "absolute-extrema",
      "velocity",
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      "linear-approximation",
      "small-change",
      "differential",
      "leibniz-notation",
      "prime-notation",
      "differentiate-twice",
      "check-the-concavity",
      "find-the-inflection-points",
      "has-a-local-extremum",
      "not-differentiable",
      "cusp",
      "differentiate-both-sides"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "type": "mext-translation",
        "doc": "高等学校学習指導要領（平成30年告示）英訳版（仮訳）"
      }
    ],
    "updated": "2026-09-11"
  },
  {
    "id": "jp-suugaku-3-kyokugen",
    "system": "jp",
    "subject": "数学III",
    "unit": "極限",
    "topics": [
      "分数関数・無理関数",
      "逆関数・合成関数",
      "数列の極限",
      "無限級数",
      "関数の極限",
      "関数の連続性"
    ],
    "us_equivalents": [
      {
        "course": "Precalculus",
        "coverage": "some",
        "note": "分数関数・逆関数・合成関数・極限の導入"
      },
      {
        "course": "AP Calculus AB",
        "coverage": "most"
      },
      {
        "course": "AP Calculus BC",
        "coverage": "most",
        "note": "無限級数は BC"
      },
      {
        "course": "Calculus I",
        "coverage": "most"
      },
      {
        "course": "Calculus II",
        "coverage": "some",
        "note": "無限級数"
      }
    ],
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      "rational-function",
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      "composite-function",
      "convergence",
      "divergence",
      "diverge-to-positive-infinity",
      "diverge-to-negative-infinity",
      "oscillate",
      "infinity",
      "comparison-for-divergence",
      "infinite-geometric-sequence",
      "infinite-series",
      "sum-of-the-series",
      "right-hand-limit",
      "left-hand-limit",
      "one-sided-limit",
      "as-x-approaches-infinity",
      "as-x-approaches-a",
      "the-limit-does-not-exist",
      "indeterminate-form",
      "continuous",
      "discontinuous",
      "continuous-function",
      "intermediate-value-theorem",
      "extreme-value-theorem",
      "limit-of-sine-x-over-x",
      "base-of-the-natural-logarithm",
      "find-the-limit",
      "approaches",
      "limit-laws",
      "find-the-domain",
      "find-the-asymptotes",
      "find-the-inverse",
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      "inverse-function",
      "converge",
      "diverge",
      "limit-of-a-sequence"
    ],
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      {
        "type": "mext-translation",
        "doc": "高等学校学習指導要領（平成30年告示）英訳版（仮訳）"
      }
    ],
    "updated": "2026-09-27"
  },
  {
    "id": "jp-suugaku-3-sekibun",
    "system": "jp",
    "subject": "数学III",
    "unit": "積分法",
    "topics": [
      "不定積分",
      "置換積分法",
      "部分積分法",
      "定積分",
      "区分求積法",
      "面積",
      "体積",
      "曲線の長さ",
      "速度と道のり"
    ],
    "us_equivalents": [
      {
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        "coverage": "most",
        "note": "置換・体積・面積"
      },
      {
        "course": "AP Calculus BC",
        "coverage": "most",
        "note": "部分積分・部分分数は BC"
      },
      {
        "course": "Calculus I",
        "coverage": "some"
      },
      {
        "course": "Calculus II",
        "coverage": "most",
        "note": "数IIIの積分は Calc I 後半〜Calc II 前半。級数・Taylor は日本の高校範囲外"
      }
    ],
    "term_refs": [
      "integration-by-substitution",
      "integration-by-parts",
      "trigonometric-integrals",
      "integration-formulas",
      "partial-fraction-decomposition",
      "trigonometric-substitution",
      "substitution-in-a-definite-integral",
      "integrals-of-even-and-odd-functions",
      "riemann-sum",
      "limit-of-a-riemann-sum",
      "properties-of-integrals",
      "area-between-two-curves",
      "volume-of-a-solid-of-revolution",
      "cross-sectional-area",
      "volume-by-cross-sections",
      "displacement",
      "differential-equation",
      "separable-differential-equation",
      "variable-of-integration",
      "let-u-equal",
      "write-dx-in-terms-of-du",
      "change-the-limits-of-integration",
      "integrate-by-parts",
      "which-one-to-differentiate",
      "decompose-into-partial-fractions",
      "evaluate-the-integral",
      "revolve-around-the-x-axis",
      "revolve-around-the-y-axis",
      "disk",
      "cylindrical-shell",
      "find-the-arc-length",
      "as-n-approaches-infinity",
      "can-be-integrated",
      "find-an-antiderivative",
      "integrals-giving-inverse-trig-functions",
      "integral",
      "arc-length-of-a-curve",
      "substitute-new-variable"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "type": "mext-translation",
        "doc": "高等学校学習指導要領（平成30年告示）英訳版（仮訳）"
      }
    ],
    "updated": "2026-09-24"
  },
  {
    "id": "jp-suugaku-a-baai-no-kazu-to-kakuritsu",
    "system": "jp",
    "subject": "数学A",
    "unit": "場合の数と確率",
    "topics": [
      "集合の要素の個数",
      "場合の数",
      "順列",
      "組合せ",
      "事象と確率",
      "独立な試行と確率",
      "反復試行",
      "条件付き確率",
      "期待値"
    ],
    "us_equivalents": [
      {
        "course": "Algebra 2",
        "coverage": "most"
      },
      {
        "course": "Precalculus",
        "coverage": "some"
      },
      {
        "course": "AP Statistics",
        "coverage": "some"
      },
      {
        "course": "Discrete Math",
        "coverage": "most"
      }
    ],
    "term_refs": [
      "sample-space",
      "expected-value",
      "basic-properties-of-probability",
      "general-addition-rule",
      "general-multiplication-rule",
      "independence-of-events",
      "split-into-cases",
      "at-least-one",
      "counting",
      "enumeration",
      "permutation",
      "circular-permutation",
      "permutation-with-repetition",
      "combination",
      "combination-with-repetition",
      "factorial",
      "binomial-coefficient",
      "shortest-path",
      "permutation-of-a-multiset",
      "lexicographic-order",
      "partitioning-into-groups",
      "trial",
      "elementary-event",
      "mutually-exclusive-events",
      "union-of-events",
      "intersection-of-events",
      "repeated-trials",
      "binomial-probability",
      "conditional-probability",
      "sampling-with-replacement",
      "sampling-without-replacement",
      "arrange",
      "choose",
      "distinguish",
      "double-count",
      "undercount",
      "order-matters",
      "occur",
      "complementary-event",
      "addition-principle",
      "multiplication-principle",
      "number-of-elements",
      "law-of-large-numbers"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "type": "mext-translation",
        "doc": "高等学校学習指導要領（平成30年告示）英訳版（仮訳）"
      }
    ],
    "updated": "2026-09-27"
  },
  {
    "id": "jp-suugaku-a-suugaku-to-ningen-no-katsudou",
    "system": "jp",
    "subject": "数学A",
    "unit": "数学と人間の活動",
    "topics": [
      "約数と倍数",
      "ユークリッドの互除法",
      "一次不定方程式",
      "n 進法",
      "合同式",
      "座標と経路",
      "ゲームやパズルの中の数学"
    ],
    "us_equivalents": [
      {
        "course": "Discrete Math",
        "coverage": "most",
        "note": "整数論の基礎は大学の Discrete Math / Number Theory"
      },
      {
        "course": "Pre-Algebra",
        "coverage": "some",
        "note": "約数・倍数・素因数分解のみ"
      }
    ],
    "term_refs": [
      "prime-factorization",
      "coordinates",
      "multiple",
      "repeating-decimal",
      "proof-by-contradiction",
      "composite-number",
      "greatest-common-divisor",
      "least-common-multiple",
      "relatively-prime",
      "number-of-divisors",
      "divisibility-rules",
      "classification-by-remainder",
      "modulus",
      "euclidean-algorithm",
      "linear-diophantine-equation",
      "diophantine-equation",
      "integer-solution",
      "base-n",
      "binary",
      "hexadecimal",
      "numeral-system",
      "digit",
      "place",
      "parity",
      "remainder",
      "divisibility",
      "congruence-modulo-n",
      "decimal-system"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "type": "mext-translation",
        "doc": "高等学校学習指導要領（平成30年告示）英訳版（仮訳）"
      }
    ],
    "updated": "2026-09-27"
  },
  {
    "id": "jp-suugaku-a-zukei-no-seishitsu",
    "system": "jp",
    "subject": "数学A",
    "unit": "図形の性質",
    "topics": [
      "三角形の性質（内分・外分、五心）",
      "チェバの定理・メネラウスの定理",
      "円の性質（内接四角形・接弦定理・方べきの定理）",
      "2 円の位置関係",
      "作図",
      "空間図形（直線と平面、多面体）"
    ],
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      {
        "course": "Geometry",
        "coverage": "most",
        "note": "チェバ・メネラウス・方べきの定理は米国では扱いが薄い"
      },
      {
        "course": "Integrated Math 2",
        "coverage": "some"
      }
    ],
    "term_refs": [
      "point-of-internal-division",
      "centroid",
      "triangle-inequality",
      "angle",
      "chord",
      "triangle",
      "angle-bisector-theorem",
      "cyclic-quadrilateral",
      "point-of-external-division",
      "exterior-angle-bisector",
      "circumcenter",
      "incenter",
      "orthocenter",
      "excenter",
      "the-five-centers-of-a-triangle",
      "cevas-theorem",
      "menelauss-theorem",
      "side-angle-inequality",
      "tangent-chord-theorem",
      "power-of-a-point",
      "relative-positions-of-two-circles",
      "common-tangent",
      "be-inscribed-in",
      "be-circumscribed-about",
      "relative-positions-of-two-lines",
      "line-perpendicular-to-a-plane",
      "three-perpendiculars-theorem",
      "dihedral-angle",
      "eulers-formula-for-polyhedra",
      "collinear",
      "concurrent",
      "equal-angles",
      "supplementary-angle",
      "complementary-angle",
      "tangent-segments-are-equal",
      "median-of-a-triangle",
      "coplanar"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "type": "mext-translation",
        "doc": "高等学校学習指導要領（平成30年告示）英訳版（仮訳）"
      }
    ],
    "updated": "2026-09-11"
  },
  {
    "id": "jp-suugaku-b-suugaku-to-shakai-seikatsu",
    "system": "jp",
    "subject": "数学B",
    "unit": "数学と社会生活",
    "topics": [
      "数学的モデル化",
      "データの傾向の分析（回帰・移動平均）",
      "近似と補間"
    ],
    "us_equivalents": [
      {
        "course": "Algebra 2",
        "coverage": "some"
      },
      {
        "course": "AP Statistics",
        "coverage": "some"
      }
    ],
    "term_refs": [
      "optimization-problem",
      "trend",
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      {
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        "title": "AP Calculus AB and BC Course and Exam Description (College Board)"
      }
    ],
    "updated": "2026-09-26"
  },
  {
    "id": "us-ap-calculus-ab-5-analytical-applications",
    "system": "us",
    "track": "ap",
    "subject": "AP Calculus AB",
    "unit": "Unit 5: Analytical applications of differentiation",
    "topics": [
      "mean value theorem",
      "extreme value theorem",
      "critical points",
      "first and second derivative tests",
      "concavity",
      "curve sketching",
      "optimization"
    ],
    "jp_equivalents": [
      {
        "subject": "数学II 微分の考え",
        "coverage": "most"
      },
      {
        "subject": "数学III 微分法",
        "coverage": "full"
      }
    ],
    "term_refs": [
      "local-extremum",
      "first-derivative-test",
      "critical-point",
      "extreme-value-theorem",
      "implicit-function",
      "concavity",
      "absolute-extrema",
      "second-derivative-test",
      "candidates-test",
      "optimization-problem",
      "curve-sketching",
      "changes-sign",
      "check-the-concavity",
      "cubic-function",
      "determine-where-the-function-is-increasing-and-decreasing",
      "find-the-inflection-points",
      "find-the-local-extrema",
      "has-a-local-extremum",
      "has-a-local-maximum-at",
      "increasing-and-decreasing",
      "inflection-point",
      "is-monotonically-increasing",
      "local-maximum",
      "local-minimum",
      "make-a-sign-chart",
      "mean-value-theorem",
      "sign-chart",
      "sketch-the-graph",
      "second-derivative"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "type": "reference",
        "title": "AP Calculus AB and BC Course and Exam Description (College Board)"
      }
    ],
    "updated": "2026-09-25"
  },
  {
    "id": "us-ap-calculus-ab-6-integration",
    "system": "us",
    "track": "ap",
    "subject": "AP Calculus AB",
    "unit": "Unit 6: Integration and accumulation of change",
    "topics": [
      "accumulation",
      "Riemann sums",
      "definite integral",
      "fundamental theorem of calculus",
      "antiderivatives",
      "u-substitution",
      "integration by completing the square"
    ],
    "jp_equivalents": [
      {
        "subject": "数学II 積分の考え",
        "coverage": "most"
      },
      {
        "subject": "数学III 積分法",
        "coverage": "most"
      }
    ],
    "term_refs": [
      "fundamental-theorem-of-calculus",
      "accumulation-function",
      "integration-by-substitution",
      "riemann-sum",
      "net-change",
      "left-riemann-sum",
      "right-riemann-sum",
      "midpoint-riemann-sum",
      "integration-formulas",
      "integration-by-long-division",
      "integration-by-completing-the-square",
      "overestimate-and-underestimate",
      "trapezoidal-rule",
      "antiderivative",
      "area-under-the-curve",
      "as-n-approaches-infinity",
      "below-the-x-axis",
      "change-the-limits-of-integration",
      "constant-of-integration",
      "definite-integral",
      "evaluate-the-integral",
      "find-an-antiderivative",
      "fundamental-theorem-of-calculus-part-1",
      "fundamental-theorem-of-calculus-part-2",
      "indefinite-integral",
      "integral",
      "integral-involving-absolute-value",
      "integrals-giving-inverse-trig-functions",
      "integrals-of-even-and-odd-functions",
      "integrand",
      "integrate",
      "integration",
      "interval-of-integration",
      "let-u-equal",
      "limit-of-a-riemann-sum",
      "lower-limit",
      "properties-of-integrals",
      "reverse-of-differentiation",
      "substitute-new-variable",
      "substitution-in-a-definite-integral",
      "trigonometric-integrals",
      "upper-limit",
      "variable-of-integration",
      "write-dx-in-terms-of-du"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "type": "reference",
        "title": "AP Calculus AB and BC Course and Exam Description (College Board)"
      }
    ],
    "updated": "2026-09-25"
  },
  {
    "id": "us-ap-calculus-ab-7-differential-equations",
    "system": "us",
    "track": "ap",
    "subject": "AP Calculus AB",
    "unit": "Unit 7: Differential equations",
    "topics": [
      "modeling with differential equations",
      "slope fields",
      "separation of variables",
      "exponential models"
    ],
    "jp_equivalents": [
      {
        "subject": "数学III 積分法",
        "coverage": "some",
        "note": "変数分離形は一部の教科書のみ"
      }
    ],
    "term_refs": [
      "differential-equation",
      "slope-field",
      "separation-of-variables",
      "particular-solution",
      "initial-condition",
      "exponential-model",
      "separable-differential-equation"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "type": "reference",
        "title": "AP Calculus AB and BC Course and Exam Description (College Board)"
      }
    ],
    "updated": "2026-09-25"
  },
  {
    "id": "us-ap-calculus-ab-8-applications-of-integration",
    "system": "us",
    "track": "ap",
    "subject": "AP Calculus AB",
    "unit": "Unit 8: Applications of integration",
    "topics": [
      "average value of a function",
      "motion problems",
      "area between curves",
      "volumes by cross sections",
      "disk and washer methods"
    ],
    "jp_equivalents": [
      {
        "subject": "数学III 積分法",
        "coverage": "most",
        "note": "関数の平均値は日本の高校範囲外"
      }
    ],
    "term_refs": [
      "average-value-of-a-function",
      "displacement",
      "total-distance-traveled",
      "area-between-two-curves",
      "disk-method",
      "washer-method",
      "shell-method",
      "axis-of-revolution",
      "arc-length-of-a-curve",
      "cross-section",
      "cross-sectional-area",
      "disk",
      "revolve-around-the-x-axis",
      "revolve-around-the-y-axis",
      "solid-of-revolution",
      "volume-by-cross-sections",
      "volume-of-a-solid-of-revolution"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "type": "reference",
        "title": "AP Calculus AB and BC Course and Exam Description (College Board)"
      }
    ],
    "updated": "2026-09-25"
  },
  {
    "id": "us-ap-calculus-bc-10-series",
    "system": "us",
    "track": "ap",
    "subject": "AP Calculus BC",
    "unit": "Unit 10: Infinite sequences and series",
    "topics": [
      "convergence tests",
      "geometric and p-series",
      "alternating series",
      "ratio test",
      "absolute and conditional convergence",
      "Taylor polynomials",
      "power series",
      "radius of convergence",
      "Taylor and Maclaurin series"
    ],
    "jp_equivalents": [
      {
        "subject": "数学III 極限",
        "coverage": "some",
        "note": "無限等比級数のみ。収束判定・Taylor 級数は日本の高校範囲外"
      }
    ],
    "term_refs": [
      "convergence",
      "nth-term-test",
      "integral-test",
      "harmonic-series",
      "p-series",
      "comparison-test",
      "limit-comparison-test",
      "alternating-series",
      "alternating-series-test",
      "ratio-test",
      "absolute-convergence",
      "conditional-convergence",
      "alternating-series-error-bound",
      "taylor-polynomial",
      "lagrange-error-bound",
      "power-series",
      "radius-of-convergence",
      "interval-of-convergence",
      "taylor-series",
      "maclaurin-series",
      "term-by-term-differentiation",
      "bounded",
      "common-ratio",
      "converge",
      "diverge",
      "divergence",
      "infinite-geometric-series",
      "infinite-series",
      "limit-of-a-sequence",
      "monotonic",
      "nth-term",
      "partial-sum",
      "sequence",
      "sum-of-the-series",
      "general-term",
      "nth"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "type": "reference",
        "title": "AP Calculus AB and BC Course and Exam Description (College Board)"
      }
    ],
    "updated": "2026-09-27"
  },
  {
    "id": "us-ap-calculus-bc-6-integration-techniques",
    "system": "us",
    "track": "ap",
    "subject": "AP Calculus BC",
    "unit": "Units 6–8 (BC only): Integration by parts, partial fractions, improper integrals, Euler's method, logistic models, arc length",
    "topics": [
      "integration by parts",
      "partial fractions",
      "improper integrals",
      "Euler's method",
      "logistic differential equations",
      "arc length"
    ],
    "jp_equivalents": [
      {
        "subject": "数学III 積分法",
        "coverage": "most",
        "note": "部分積分・部分分数・曲線の長さは数III。広義積分・Euler 法・ロジスティックは範囲外"
      }
    ],
    "term_refs": [
      "integration-by-parts",
      "partial-fraction-decomposition",
      "improper-integral",
      "eulers-method",
      "logistic-differential-equation",
      "liate",
      "convergence-of-improper-integrals",
      "decompose-into-partial-fractions",
      "find-the-arc-length",
      "integrate-by-parts",
      "which-one-to-differentiate"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "type": "reference",
        "title": "AP Calculus AB and BC Course and Exam Description (College Board)"
      }
    ],
    "updated": "2026-09-25"
  },
  {
    "id": "us-ap-calculus-bc-9-parametric-polar-vector",
    "system": "us",
    "track": "ap",
    "subject": "AP Calculus BC",
    "unit": "Unit 9: Parametric equations, polar coordinates, and vector-valued functions",
    "topics": [
      "derivatives of parametric equations",
      "arc length of parametric curves",
      "vector-valued functions",
      "polar derivatives",
      "area in polar coordinates"
    ],
    "jp_equivalents": [
      {
        "subject": "数学C 平面上の曲線と複素数平面",
        "coverage": "some",
        "note": "媒介変数・極座標の定義のみ"
      },
      {
        "subject": "数学III 微分法",
        "coverage": "some"
      }
    ],
    "term_refs": [
      "derivative-of-a-parametric-curve",
      "arc-length-of-a-curve",
      "vector-valued-function",
      "area-in-polar-coordinates",
      "derivatives-in-polar-form",
      "cardioid",
      "derivative-of-a-vector-function",
      "parameter",
      "parametric-equations",
      "polar-coordinates",
      "polar-equation",
      "rectangular-coordinates",
      "velocity-vector"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "type": "reference",
        "title": "AP Calculus AB and BC Course and Exam Description (College Board)"
      }
    ],
    "updated": "2026-09-25"
  },
  {
    "id": "us-ap-statistics-1-exploring-and-collecting-data",
    "system": "us",
    "track": "ap",
    "subject": "AP Statistics",
    "unit": "Unit 1: Exploring One-Variable Data and Collecting Data",
    "topics": [
      "variables",
      "tables and graphs for one variable",
      "summary statistics",
      "comparing distributions",
      "random sampling and problems with sampling",
      "experimental design"
    ],
    "jp_equivalents": [
      {
        "subject": "中1 データの活用",
        "coverage": "some"
      },
      {
        "subject": "中3 標本調査",
        "coverage": "some"
      },
      {
        "subject": "数学I データの分析",
        "coverage": "most"
      }
    ],
    "term_refs": [
      "distribution",
      "be-skewed",
      "outlier",
      "categorical-variable",
      "quantitative-variable",
      "bar-chart",
      "skewness",
      "resistant-statistic",
      "percentile",
      "explanatory-variable",
      "response-variable",
      "transformation-of-a-variable",
      "sample",
      "random-sampling",
      "stratified-sampling",
      "cluster-sampling",
      "systematic-sampling",
      "convenience-sample",
      "voluntary-response-bias",
      "nonresponse",
      "confounding-variable",
      "treatment",
      "control-group",
      "placebo",
      "blinding",
      "blocking",
      "completely-randomized-design",
      "arithmetic-mean",
      "causation",
      "compare",
      "data",
      "deviation",
      "is-biased",
      "measure-of-center",
      "pie-chart",
      "spread",
      "standard-deviation",
      "standardize",
      "statistical-graph",
      "statistical-variable",
      "variance",
      "z-score",
      "census",
      "population",
      "sample-size",
      "select-at-random",
      "random-number",
      "sample-survey",
      "sampling",
      "survey",
      "estimation"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "type": "reference",
        "title": "AP Statistics Course and Exam Description (College Board), Effective Fall 2026",
        "url": "https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/media/pdf/ap-statistics-course-and-exam-description.pdf"
      }
    ],
    "updated": "2026-09-25"
  },
  {
    "id": "us-ap-statistics-2-probability-and-distributions",
    "system": "us",
    "track": "ap",
    "subject": "AP Statistics",
    "unit": "Unit 2: Probability, Random Variables, and Probability Distributions",
    "topics": [
      "two categorical variables",
      "simulation",
      "probability, mutually exclusive and independent events",
      "conditional probability",
      "random variables and their parameters",
      "binomial and normal distributions",
      "sampling distributions and the central limit theorem"
    ],
    "jp_equivalents": [
      {
        "subject": "数学A 場合の数と確率",
        "coverage": "most"
      },
      {
        "subject": "数学B 統計的な推測",
        "coverage": "most"
      }
    ],
    "term_refs": [
      "density-curve",
      "basic-properties-of-probability",
      "general-addition-rule",
      "general-multiplication-rule",
      "sampling-distribution",
      "sampling-error",
      "binomial-distribution",
      "central-limit-theorem",
      "complementary-event",
      "continuous-random-variable",
      "discrete-random-variable",
      "expected-value",
      "law-of-large-numbers",
      "normal-distribution",
      "population-variance",
      "probability-density-function",
      "probability-distribution",
      "random-variable",
      "sampling-distribution-of-the-mean",
      "stacked-bar-chart",
      "standard-normal-distribution",
      "standard-normal-table",
      "standardize",
      "z-score",
      "independence-of-events",
      "trial",
      "elementary-event",
      "mutually-exclusive-events",
      "union-of-events",
      "intersection-of-events",
      "repeated-trials",
      "binomial-probability",
      "conditional-probability",
      "simulation"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "type": "reference",
        "title": "AP Statistics Course and Exam Description (College Board), Effective Fall 2026",
        "url": "https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/media/pdf/ap-statistics-course-and-exam-description.pdf"
      }
    ],
    "updated": "2026-09-27"
  },
  {
    "id": "us-ap-statistics-3-inference-for-proportions",
    "system": "us",
    "track": "ap",
    "subject": "AP Statistics",
    "unit": "Unit 3: Inference for Categorical Data: Proportions",
    "topics": [
      "estimators",
      "confidence intervals for a proportion and a difference of proportions",
      "tests for a proportion and a difference of proportions",
      "p-values",
      "Type I and Type II errors, power",
      "chi-square tests for homogeneity or independence"
    ],
    "jp_equivalents": [
      {
        "subject": "数学B 統計的な推測",
        "coverage": "some",
        "note": "母比率の推定・検定のみ。2 つの比率の差とカイ二乗検定は日本の高校範囲外"
      }
    ],
    "term_refs": [
      "sampling-distribution",
      "sampling-distribution-of-a-proportion",
      "unbiased-estimator",
      "reject",
      "critical-value",
      "test-statistic",
      "p-value",
      "type-i-error",
      "type-ii-error",
      "statistically-significant",
      "two-proportion-z-test",
      "statistical-power",
      "degrees-of-freedom",
      "chi-square-test",
      "test-for-independence",
      "test-for-homogeneity",
      "expected-count",
      "observed-count",
      "confidence-interval",
      "alternative-hypothesis",
      "confidence-level",
      "error-bound",
      "estimation",
      "fail-to-reject",
      "hypothesis-testing",
      "interval-estimation",
      "is-biased",
      "null-hypothesis",
      "one-tailed-test",
      "point-estimate",
      "population-proportion",
      "sample-proportion",
      "significance-level",
      "standard-error",
      "statistical-hypothesis",
      "test",
      "two-tailed-test",
      "unbiased"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "type": "reference",
        "title": "AP Statistics Course and Exam Description (College Board), Effective Fall 2026",
        "url": "https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/media/pdf/ap-statistics-course-and-exam-description.pdf"
      }
    ],
    "updated": "2026-09-25"
  },
  {
    "id": "us-ap-statistics-4-inference-for-means",
    "system": "us",
    "track": "ap",
    "subject": "AP Statistics",
    "unit": "Unit 4: Inference for Quantitative Data: Means",
    "topics": [
      "sampling distributions for sample means",
      "t-intervals and t-tests for a mean or a mean difference",
      "intervals and tests for the difference of two means"
    ],
    "jp_equivalents": [
      {
        "subject": "数学B 統計的な推測",
        "coverage": "some",
        "note": "母平均の推定のみ。t 分布は日本の高校範囲外"
      }
    ],
    "term_refs": [
      "sampling-distribution",
      "t-distribution",
      "degrees-of-freedom",
      "one-sample-t-test",
      "paired-t-test",
      "two-sample-t-test",
      "confidence-interval",
      "population-mean",
      "population-standard-deviation",
      "sampling-distribution-of-the-mean",
      "standard-error",
      "sample-mean"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "type": "reference",
        "title": "AP Statistics Course and Exam Description (College Board), Effective Fall 2026",
        "url": "https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/media/pdf/ap-statistics-course-and-exam-description.pdf"
      }
    ],
    "updated": "2026-09-25"
  },
  {
    "id": "us-ap-statistics-5-regression-analysis",
    "system": "us",
    "track": "ap",
    "subject": "AP Statistics",
    "unit": "Unit 5: Regression Analysis",
    "topics": [
      "scatter plots",
      "correlation",
      "linear regression models",
      "residuals",
      "least-squares regression"
    ],
    "jp_equivalents": [
      {
        "subject": "数学I データの分析",
        "coverage": "some",
        "note": "散布図と相関係数まで。回帰直線は日本の高校範囲外"
      }
    ],
    "term_refs": [
      "regression-line",
      "extrapolation",
      "explanatory-variable",
      "response-variable",
      "coefficient-of-determination",
      "residual-plot",
      "causation",
      "correlation",
      "correlation-coefficient",
      "negative-correlation",
      "positive-correlation",
      "scatter-plot",
      "trend",
      "least-squares",
      "interpolation"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "type": "reference",
        "title": "AP Statistics Course and Exam Description (College Board), Effective Fall 2026",
        "url": "https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/media/pdf/ap-statistics-course-and-exam-description.pdf"
      }
    ],
    "updated": "2026-09-27"
  },
  {
    "id": "us-calculus-1-applications-of-derivatives",
    "system": "us",
    "track": "college",
    "subject": "Calculus I",
    "unit": "Applications of derivatives",
    "topics": [
      "related rates",
      "linear approximations",
      "maxima and minima",
      "mean value theorem",
      "derivatives and the shape of a graph",
      "limits at infinity and asymptotes",
      "optimization",
      "L'Hôpital's rule",
      "Newton's method",
      "antiderivatives"
    ],
    "jp_equivalents": [
      {
        "subject": "数学III 微分法",
        "coverage": "most",
        "note": "related rates・Newton 法・L'Hôpital は日本の高校範囲外"
      }
    ],
    "term_refs": [
      "increasing-and-decreasing",
      "concavity",
      "limit-at-infinity",
      "related-rates",
      "newtons-method",
      "asymptote",
      "indeterminate-form",
      "absolute-extrema",
      "constraint",
      "as-x-approaches-infinity",
      "candidates-test",
      "changes-sign",
      "check-the-concavity",
      "critical-point",
      "curve-sketching",
      "decreasing",
      "determine-where-the-function-is-increasing-and-decreasing",
      "differential",
      "extreme-value-theorem",
      "find-the-inflection-points",
      "find-the-local-extrema",
      "first-derivative-test",
      "has-a-local-extremum",
      "has-a-local-maximum-at",
      "inflection-point",
      "is-monotonically-increasing",
      "lhopitals-rule",
      "linear-approximation",
      "local-extremum",
      "local-maximum",
      "local-minimum",
      "make-a-sign-chart",
      "sign-chart",
      "mean-value-theorem",
      "number-of-real-solutions",
      "optimization-problem",
      "rolles-theorem",
      "second-derivative-test",
      "sketch",
      "sketch-the-graph",
      "small-change",
      "test-point",
      "indefinite-integral",
      "constant-of-integration",
      "find-an-antiderivative",
      "reverse-of-differentiation"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "type": "textbook",
        "title": "OpenStax Calculus Volume 1"
      }
    ],
    "updated": "2026-09-25"
  },
  {
    "id": "us-calculus-1-applications-of-integration",
    "system": "us",
    "track": "college",
    "subject": "Calculus I",
    "unit": "Applications of integration",
    "topics": [
      "area between curves",
      "volumes by slicing",
      "volumes of revolution (disk, washer, shell)",
      "arc length and surface area",
      "physical applications",
      "exponential growth and decay"
    ],
    "jp_equivalents": [
      {
        "subject": "数学III 積分法",
        "coverage": "most",
        "note": "shell method と回転面の面積は日本の高校範囲外"
      }
    ],
    "term_refs": [
      "area-between-two-curves",
      "solid-of-revolution",
      "cross-section",
      "cross-sectional-area",
      "volume-by-cross-sections",
      "disk",
      "disk-method",
      "washer-method",
      "cylindrical-shell",
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    "unit": "Functions",
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      "function properties",
      "average rate of change",
      "difference quotient",
      "transformations",
      "inverse functions",
      "absolute value functions"
    ],
    "jp_equivalents": [
      {
        "subject": "数学I 二次関数",
        "coverage": "some"
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      {
        "subject": "数学II 微分の考え",
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      "limit laws",
      "continuity",
      "derivative as a limit"
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    "jp_equivalents": [
      {
        "subject": "数学II 微分の考え",
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      },
      {
        "subject": "数学III 極限",
        "coverage": "some"
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      "jump-discontinuity",
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      "limit-laws",
      "one-sided-limit",
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      "the-limit-does-not-exist"
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    "sources": [
      {
        "type": "textbook",
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    "track": "traditional",
    "subject": "Precalculus",
    "unit": "Systems and matrices",
    "topics": [
      "systems of three equations",
      "Gaussian elimination",
      "matrix operations",
      "inverses",
      "determinants and Cramer's rule",
      "linear programming"
    ],
    "jp_equivalents": [
      {
        "subject": "数学C 数学的な表現の工夫",
        "coverage": "some",
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        "coverage": "some",
        "note": "線形計画法"
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      "inverse-matrix",
      "linear-transformation",
      "matrix",
      "matrix-multiplication",
      "point-of-intersection",
      "region",
      "row",
      "sketch",
      "square-matrix",
      "system-of-linear-equations",
      "zero-matrix"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "type": "textbook",
        "title": "OpenStax Precalculus 2e"
      }
    ],
    "updated": "2026-09-27"
  },
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    "id": "us-precalculus-polar-and-complex",
    "system": "us",
    "track": "traditional",
    "subject": "Precalculus",
    "unit": "Polar coordinates, complex numbers, and parametric equations",
    "topics": [
      "polar coordinates",
      "polar graphs",
      "trigonometric form of complex numbers",
      "De Moivre's theorem",
      "parametric equations"
    ],
    "jp_equivalents": [
      {
        "subject": "数学C 平面上の曲線と複素数平面",
        "coverage": "most"
      }
    ],
    "term_refs": [
      "parametric-equations",
      "parameter",
      "nth-root",
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      "imaginary-axis",
      "modulus-of-a-complex-number",
      "nth-roots-of-unity",
      "polar-angle",
      "polar-coordinates",
      "pole",
      "raise-to-the-nth-power",
      "real-axis",
      "rectangular-coordinates"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "type": "textbook",
        "title": "OpenStax Precalculus 2e"
      }
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    "updated": "2026-09-25"
  },
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    "id": "us-precalculus-polynomial-and-rational",
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    "track": "traditional",
    "subject": "Precalculus",
    "unit": "Polynomial and rational functions",
    "topics": [
      "zeros of polynomials",
      "complex zeros",
      "rational functions and asymptotes",
      "partial fractions",
      "polynomial and rational inequalities"
    ],
    "jp_equivalents": [
      {
        "subject": "数学II 複素数と方程式",
        "coverage": "most"
      },
      {
        "subject": "数学II 式と証明",
        "coverage": "some"
      },
      {
        "subject": "数学III 極限",
        "coverage": "some"
      }
    ],
    "term_refs": [
      "removable-discontinuity",
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      "zeros-of-a-polynomial",
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      "compare-coefficients",
      "complex-conjugate",
      "complex-fraction",
      "complex-number",
      "cubic-function",
      "decompose-into-partial-fractions",
      "denominator",
      "division-algorithm",
      "equality-of-complex-numbers",
      "find-a-common-denominator",
      "find-the-asymptotes",
      "imaginary-number",
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      "imaginary-solution",
      "imaginary-unit",
      "intermediate-value-theorem",
      "numerator",
      "partial-fraction-decomposition",
      "polynomial-division",
      "pure-imaginary-number",
      "rational-expression",
      "real-part",
      "reduce",
      "remainder",
      "remainder-theorem",
      "sketch-the-graph",
      "square-root-of-a-negative-number",
      "substituting-values",
      "synthetic-division",
      "factor-theorem",
      "conjugate-roots"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "type": "textbook",
        "title": "OpenStax Precalculus 2e"
      }
    ],
    "updated": "2026-09-27"
  },
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    "id": "us-precalculus-sequences-and-induction",
    "system": "us",
    "track": "traditional",
    "subject": "Precalculus",
    "unit": "Sequences, series, and induction",
    "topics": [
      "sequences",
      "series",
      "mathematical induction",
      "binomial theorem",
      "counting principles"
    ],
    "jp_equivalents": [
      {
        "subject": "数学B 数列",
        "coverage": "full"
      },
      {
        "subject": "数学II 式と証明",
        "coverage": "some",
        "note": "二項定理"
      },
      {
        "subject": "数学A 場合の数と確率",
        "coverage": "some"
      }
    ],
    "term_refs": [
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      "fibonacci-sequence",
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      "infinite-series",
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      "sum-of-a-geometric-sequence",
      "sum-of-an-arithmetic-sequence",
      "summation-notation",
      "write-out-the-first-few-terms"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "type": "textbook",
        "title": "OpenStax Precalculus 2e"
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  },
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    "id": "us-precalculus-trigonometry",
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    "track": "traditional",
    "subject": "Precalculus",
    "unit": "Trigonometric functions",
    "topics": [
      "unit circle",
      "radian measure",
      "sine, cosine, tangent",
      "secant, cosecant, cotangent",
      "graphs and transformations",
      "inverse trigonometric functions",
      "trigonometric identities",
      "law of sines and law of cosines"
    ],
    "jp_equivalents": [
      {
        "subject": "数学I 図形と計量",
        "coverage": "some",
        "note": "三角比・正弦定理・余弦定理はここ。"
      },
      {
        "subject": "数学II 三角関数",
        "coverage": "most",
        "note": "弧度法・グラフ・加法定理はここ。sec/csc/cot と逆三角関数は日本の高校では扱わない。"
      }
    ],
    "term_refs": [
      "adjacent-side",
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      "angle-of-depression",
      "angle-of-elevation",
      "area-of-a-sector",
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      "degree-measure",
      "general-angle",
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      "tangent",
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      "trigonometric-function",
      "trigonometric-identities",
      "trigonometric-ratio",
      "unit-circle"
    ],
    "updated": "2026-09-25"
  },
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    "id": "us-precalculus-vectors",
    "system": "us",
    "track": "traditional",
    "subject": "Precalculus",
    "unit": "Vectors",
    "topics": [
      "component form",
      "magnitude and direction",
      "vector operations",
      "dot product",
      "projections",
      "applications"
    ],
    "jp_equivalents": [
      {
        "subject": "数学C ベクトル",
        "coverage": "most"
      }
    ],
    "term_refs": [
      "vector",
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      "standard-unit-vectors",
      "direction-angle",
      "vector-projection",
      "orthogonal-projection",
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      "angle-between-vectors",
      "area-of-a-triangle-using-vectors",
      "collinearity-condition",
      "components",
      "decomposition-of-a-vector",
      "directed-segment",
      "equal-vectors",
      "initial-point",
      "linear-combination",
      "magnitude",
      "opposite-vector",
      "orthogonal",
      "parallel-vectors",
      "position-vector",
      "scalar",
      "scalar-multiplication",
      "terminal-point",
      "unit-vector",
      "vector-addition",
      "vector-subtraction",
      "zero-vector"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "type": "textbook",
        "title": "OpenStax Precalculus 2e"
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]
