[ { "id": "add-up-thin-disks", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "回転体の体積を、薄く切った円板の体積を足し合わせるものとして説明する", "en": "Think of it as cutting the solid into a bunch of thin slices and adding up their volumes.", "ja": "立体を薄く切って、1 枚 1 枚の体積を足し合わせるイメージです。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "We're adding up a bunch of thin disks.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "integration", "volume" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "spoken": { "bunch of slices | thin slices | little slices": 11, "bunch of disks | lot of disks | stack of disks | infinitely many disks | little disks | thin disks": 5 }, "sources": [ "khan-ap-calc", "mit-18.01", "mit-6.042", "yt:3blue1brown", "yt:blackpenredpen", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "apply-the-theorem", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "定理を使う場面だと伝える", "en": "Now we can use the mean value theorem.", "ja": "ここで平均値の定理が使えます。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "Now we can apply the intermediate value theorem.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "theorems" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "use the … theorem": 95, "apply the … theorem": 27 }, "sources": [ "khan-algebra", "khan-ap-calc", "khan-middle", "micase", "mit-18.01", "mit-18.02", "mit-18.03", "mit-6.042", "yt:3blue1brown", "yt:nancypi", "yt:organicchem", "yt:patrickjmt", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "are-equal-respectively", "situation": "written-solution", "intent": "対応する辺がそれぞれ等しいと書く", "en": "AB, BC, and CA are equal to DE, EF, and FD, respectively.", "ja": "3 組の辺がそれぞれ等しい。", "register": "written", "variants": [ { "en": "AB = DE, BC = EF, and CA = FD.", "register": "written" } ], "tags": [ "geometry", "proof" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "written": { "respectively": 196 }, "sources": [ "mit-notes", "openstax-algtrig", "openstax-calculus", "openstax-elemalg", "openstax-introstats", "openstax-prealgebra" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "area-is-never-negative", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "面積は負にならないこと、負になったら計算を見直すことを伝える", "en": "Area is never negative.", "ja": "面積は負になりません。", "register": "neutral", "tags": [ "integration", "area", "checking" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" }, { "type": "textbook", "title": "OpenStax Calculus Volume 1", "note": "5.2 The Definite Integral（net signed area。notes）" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "sources": [], "counted": "2026-09-26" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-human-settled", "note": "要の部分は人間が決めた（2026-09-26。docs/DECISIONS.md「Phase 3 フレーズ 2 の前の修正」の 4）。Area is never negative.。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-26" } ], "notes": [ "定積分の値は負にもなる（OpenStax Calculus Volume 1 の 5.2 The Definite Integral は net signed area と呼ぶ）が、面積は負にならない。面積を求めて負の値が出たら、上の関数から下の関数を引いているか、x 軸より下の部分をそのまま足していないかを見直す。" ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "assume-it-holds-for-n-k", "situation": "written-solution", "intent": "数学的帰納法で、n = k のとき成り立つと仮定する", "en": "Inductive hypothesis: assume the statement is true for n = k.", "ja": "n = k のとき成り立つと仮定する。", "register": "written", "variants": [ { "en": "Assume the statement is true for some k ≥ 1.", "register": "written" } ], "tags": [ "proof", "induction" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" }, { "type": "reference", "title": "Oscar Levin, Discrete Mathematics: An Open Introduction, 4th edition", "url": "https://discrete.openmathbooks.org/dmoi4.html", "note": "4.5 Proof by Induction の練習問題（Assume P(k) is true for some arbitrary k ≥ 1。variant）" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "written": { "inductive hypothesis | induction hypothesis": 36, "assume … true for | assume that … true for | suppose … true for | assume … holds for | suppose … holds for": 4 }, "sources": [ "mit-notes" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "by-definition", "situation": "written-solution", "intent": "定義から直接言えることを書く", "en": "By definition,", "ja": "定義より、", "register": "written", "variants": [ { "en": "By the definition of the derivative,", "register": "written" } ], "tags": [ "proof", "definitions" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "written": { "by the definition of": 16, "by definition": 44 }, "sources": [ "mit-notes", "openstax-algtrig", "openstax-calculus", "openstax-introstats" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "by-hypothesis", "situation": "written-solution", "intent": "仮定（与えられた条件）を理由として書く", "en": "By assumption, AB = CD.", "ja": "仮定より AB = CD である。", "register": "written", "variants": [ { "en": "By hypothesis, AB = CD.", "register": "written" }, { "en": "Since AB = CD is given,", "register": "written" } ], "tags": [ "proof", "reasons" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" }, { "type": "reference", "title": "CK-12 Geometry (K12 LibreTexts)", "url": "https://k12.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Mathematics/Geometry", "note": "2 列証明の Given（Given: の見出し 33 件、by assumption・by hypothesis は 0 件。notes）" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "written": { "by assumption": 5 }, "sources": [ "mit-notes", "openstax-calculus" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（書き言葉のコーパスと参照で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。話者のコーパスで首位の要の部分 by assumption（5 件。3 件以上）。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-28" } ], "notes": [ "Geometry の 2 列証明では、仮定から書いた行の理由の欄に Given と書く（CK-12 Geometry。by assumption・by hypothesis は 0 件）。by assumption・by hypothesis は文で書く証明の言い方。" ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "check-by-differentiating", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "不定積分の答えは微分して確かめられると伝える", "en": "You can always check your answer by taking the derivative.", "ja": "答えは微分して確かめられます。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "Take the derivative, and you should get back the integrand.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "integration", "checking" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "check by differentiating | check … by differentiating | check by taking the derivative | check … by taking the derivative": 3, "you should get back | you get back the": 2 }, "sources": [ "mit-18.01", "mit-18.02", "yt:3blue1brown", "yt:nancypi" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（講義のコーパスと MICASE の教員の発話で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。話者のコーパスで首位の要の部分 check by differentiating | check … by differentiating | check by taking the derivative | check … by taking the derivative（3 件。3 件以上）。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-28" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "check-the-sign", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "各区間で f′ の符号を調べる", "en": "Let's check the sign of f prime on each interval.", "ja": "各区間で f′ の符号を調べましょう。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "Check the sign.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "derivatives", "sign-chart" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "sign of f prime !prime | the sign of the derivative": 8, "check the sign": 3 }, "sources": [ "mit-18.01", "mit-18.02" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（講義のコーパスと MICASE の教員の発話で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。話者のコーパスで首位の要の部分 sign of f prime !prime | the sign of the derivative（8 件。3 件以上）。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-28" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "class-asking-another-example", "situation": "class-asking", "intent": "例題をもう 1 つやってほしいと頼む", "en": "Could you do another example?", "ja": "例をもう 1 つやってもらえますか。", "register": "polite", "variants": [ { "en": "Can you show us one more?", "register": "neutral" }, { "en": "Could we do one more example?", "register": "polite" } ], "tags": [ "asking", "examples" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-09", "evidence": { "sources": [], "counted": "2026-09-26" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-human-settled", "note": "en は人間が決めた（Could you do another example? のまま。variants に Could we do one more example?。ユーザーの決定 3（監査 17 の前。第 1 回の人間レビュー行き））。例題をもう 1 つ頼む言い方は MICASE の学生の発話にも Math Stack Exchange の質問にも 3 件に届かない（DECISIONS）。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-10-09" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-09", "human": null } }, { "id": "class-asking-calculator-on-the-test", "situation": "class-asking", "intent": "テストで電卓を使えるかを聞く", "en": "Can we use a calculator on the test?", "ja": "次のテストで電卓は使えますか。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "Is the test calculator or non-calculator?", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "asking", "exam", "calculator" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "use a calculator | use calculators | use our calculators | bring a calculator | bring calculators": 1 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（MICASE の学生の発話で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。MICASE の学生の発話では首位が 3 件未満（use a calculator | use calculators | use our calculators | bring a calculator | bring calculators 1 件）。Math Stack Exchange の質問で最も多い要の部分 use a calculator | use calculators | use our calculators | bring a calculator | bring calculators（248 件。3 件以上）なので使われている。en の要の部分 use a calculator | use calculators | use our calculators | bring a calculator | bring calculators も 248 件（3 件以上）なので en のまま。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-28" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "class-asking-can-i-write-it-this-way", "situation": "class-asking", "intent": "自分の書き方でもよいか確かめる", "en": "Is it okay if I write it like this?", "ja": "こう書いても大丈夫ですか。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "I wrote it as 2(x + 1) — is that okay?", "register": "neutral" }, { "en": "Can I just write it as 2x + 2?", "register": "casual" } ], "tags": [ "asking", "writing" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-09", "evidence": { "sources": [], "counted": "2026-09-26" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（MICASE の学生の発話で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。MICASE の学生の発話では首位が 3 件未満（0 件）。Math Stack Exchange の質問で最も多い要の部分 can i just write | can i write it as | can i write this as（126 件。3 件以上）なので使われている。en の要の部分 okay if i write !on | ok if i write !on | alright if i write !on | all right if i write !on | okay to write it | ok to write it も 14 件（3 件以上）なので en のまま。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-10-09" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-09", "human": null } }, { "id": "class-asking-could-we-use-another-method", "situation": "class-asking", "intent": "先生と違う方法（別の公式や定理）を使ってもよいかを聞く", "en": "Couldn't we just use the quadratic formula?", "ja": "ここで解の公式を使ってはだめですか。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "Can I use L'Hôpital's rule here instead?", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "asking", "methods" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "use … instead | instead of using": 5, "couldn't we just | couldn't you just | can't we just | can't you just | couldn't i just | can't i just": 12 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "class-asking-difference-between", "situation": "class-asking", "intent": "2 つの用語・概念の違いを聞く", "en": "What's the difference between a local max and an absolute max?", "ja": "極大値と最大値の違いは何ですか。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "How is this different from a local max?", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "asking", "vocabulary" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "what's the difference between | what is the difference between": 12, "how is … different from | how is that different": 1 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "class-asking-do-we-need-to-memorize", "situation": "class-asking", "intent": "公式を覚える必要があるか（公式集が配られるか）を聞く", "en": "Do we need to memorize this formula?", "ja": "この公式は覚える必要がありますか。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "Will we get a formula sheet?", "register": "neutral", "note": "試験に公式集（formula sheet）が付くかを聞く。" } ], "tags": [ "asking", "exam", "formulas" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "formula sheet | equation sheet | cheat sheet | note card | index card": 1 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（MICASE の学生の発話で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。MICASE の学生の発話では首位が 3 件未満（formula sheet | equation sheet | cheat sheet | note card | index card 1 件）。Math Stack Exchange の質問で最も多い要の部分 formula sheet | equation sheet | cheat sheet | note card | index card（79 件。3 件以上）なので使われている。en の要の部分 do we need to memorize | do we have to memorize | do i need to memorize | do i have to memorize | should we memorize | should i memorize | do we memorize も 10 件（3 件以上）なので en のまま。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-28" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "class-asking-does-it-still-work-if", "situation": "class-asking", "intent": "条件を変えても成り立つかを聞く", "en": "What if x is negative?", "ja": "x が負だったらどうなりますか。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "Does this still work if x is negative?", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "asking", "conditions" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "what if": 82, "does it still work | does that still work | does this still work": 1 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "class-asking-go-back", "situation": "class-asking", "intent": "説明が先に進んでしまったので、前の画面に戻ってほしい", "en": "Could you go back to the previous slide?", "ja": "前のスライドに戻ってもらえますか。", "register": "polite", "tags": [ "asking", "slides" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "could you go back | can you go back | go back to the previous | go back to the last slide | go back a slide": 2 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-human-settled", "note": "要の部分は人間が決めた（2026-09-26。docs/DECISIONS.md「Phase 3 フレーズ 3 の前の修正」の 3）。Could you go back to the previous slide?。Math Stack Exchange でも 3 件未満。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-26" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "class-asking-how-do-you-read-this", "situation": "class-asking", "intent": "記号の読み方を聞く", "en": "How do you say this symbol?", "ja": "この記号は何と読むんですか。", "register": "neutral", "tags": [ "asking", "notation" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "how do you say": 2 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（MICASE の学生の発話で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。MICASE の学生の発話では首位が 3 件未満（how do you say 2 件）。Math Stack Exchange の質問で最も多い要の部分 how do you say（21 件。3 件以上）なので使われている。en の要の部分 how do you say も 21 件（3 件以上）なので en のまま。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-28" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "class-asking-i-got-a-different-answer", "situation": "class-asking", "intent": "自分の答えが先生の答えと違ったことを伝え、どこが違うか聞く", "en": "I got a different answer.", "ja": "違う答えになったんですが。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "What am I doing wrong?", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "asking", "checking" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "sources": [], "counted": "2026-09-26" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（MICASE の学生の発話で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。MICASE の学生の発話では首位が 3 件未満（0 件）。Math Stack Exchange の質問で最も多い要の部分 did i do something wrong | what did i do wrong | where did i go wrong | what am i doing wrong（8141 件。3 件以上）なので使われている。en の要の部分 got a different answer | got something different | got a different number | get a different answer も 330 件（3 件以上）なので en のまま。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-28" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "class-asking-is-there-a-name-for-this", "situation": "class-asking", "intent": "それの名前（英語で何と呼ぶか）を聞く", "en": "What's this called?", "ja": "これって何て言うんですか。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "What do you call this?", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "asking", "vocabulary" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "what's it called | what is it called | what's that called | what is that called | what's this called | what is this called": 8, "what do you call !it": 2 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（MICASE の学生の発話で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。話者のコーパスで首位の要の部分 what's it called | what is it called | what's that called | what is that called | what's this called | what is this called（8 件。3 件以上）。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-28" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "class-asking-is-there-an-easier-way", "situation": "class-asking", "intent": "もっと楽な解き方がないかを聞く", "en": "Is there an easier way to do this?", "ja": "もっと楽な解き方はありますか。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "Is there a shortcut?", "register": "casual" } ], "tags": [ "asking", "methods" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "easier way | simpler way | quicker way | faster way": 1 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（MICASE の学生の発話で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。MICASE の学生の発話では首位が 3 件未満（easier way | simpler way | quicker way | faster way 1 件）。Math Stack Exchange の質問で最も多い要の部分 easier way | simpler way | quicker way | faster way（7163 件。3 件以上）なので使われている。en の要の部分 easier way | simpler way | quicker way | faster way も 7163 件（3 件以上）なので en のまま。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-28" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "class-asking-repeat", "situation": "class-asking", "intent": "聞き取れなかったので、もう一度言ってほしい", "en": "Sorry, could you say that again?", "ja": "すみません、もう一度言っていただけますか。", "register": "polite", "variants": [ { "en": "Could you repeat that last part?", "register": "polite" }, { "en": "Sorry, what did you say?", "register": "casual", "note": "聞き返しの短い形。くだけた言い方。" } ], "tags": [ "asking", "listening" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "what did you say": 9, "!to !must say … again": 11, "could you repeat | can you repeat": 6 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "class-asking-simplify-further", "situation": "class-asking", "intent": "答えをさらに簡単にする必要があるか、これで最終的な答えかを聞く", "en": "Do we need to simplify this further?", "ja": "これ以上簡単にする必要はありますか。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "Is that as simple as it gets?", "register": "casual" } ], "tags": [ "asking", "simplifying" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "simplify further | simplify it further | simplify this further | simplify it more | simplify any further | simplify that further | simplify more": 1 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（MICASE の学生の発話で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。MICASE の学生の発話では首位が 3 件未満（simplify further | simplify it further | simplify this further | simplify it more | simplify any further | simplify that further | simplify more 1 件）。Math Stack Exchange の質問で最も多い要の部分 simplify further | simplify it further | simplify this further | simplify it more | simplify any further | simplify that further | simplify more（716 件。3 件以上）なので使われている。en の要の部分 simplify further | simplify it further | simplify this further | simplify it more | simplify any further | simplify that further | simplify more も 716 件（3 件以上）なので en のまま。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-28" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "class-asking-slow-down", "situation": "class-asking", "intent": "説明が速すぎるので、ゆっくり話してほしい", "en": "Could you slow down a little?", "ja": "もう少しゆっくりお願いできますか。", "register": "polite", "tags": [ "asking", "listening" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "sources": [], "counted": "2026-09-26" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-human-settled", "note": "要の部分は人間が決めた（2026-09-26。docs/DECISIONS.md「Phase 3 フレーズ 3 の前の修正」の 3）。Could you slow down a little?。Math Stack Exchange でも 3 件未満。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-26" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "class-asking-typo-on-the-board", "situation": "class-asking", "intent": "板書の誤りかもしれない箇所を確かめる", "en": "Should that be a minus?", "ja": "そこ、マイナスじゃないですか。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "Is that a typo?", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "asking", "board" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "should it be | shouldn't it be | should that be | shouldn't that be": 4, "a typo": 3 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（MICASE の学生の発話で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。話者のコーパスで首位の要の部分 should it be | shouldn't it be | should that be | shouldn't that be（4 件。3 件以上）。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-28" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "class-asking-when-is-it-due", "situation": "class-asking", "intent": "課題の締め切りを確かめる", "en": "When is this due?", "ja": "提出はいつまでですか。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "Is that due Friday or Monday?", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "asking", "homework" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "due on friday | due friday | due on monday | due monday | due next week": 1, "when is it due | when is that due | when's it due | when is this due | when's that due | when is the homework due | when is the paper due | when are they due": 1 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（MICASE の学生の発話で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。MICASE の学生の発話では首位が 3 件未満（due on friday | due friday | due on monday | due monday | due next week 1 件）。Math Stack Exchange の質問で最も多い要の部分 due on friday | due friday | due on monday | due monday | due next week（9 件。3 件以上）なので使われている。en の要の部分 when is it due | when is that due | when's it due | when is this due | when's that due | when is the homework due | when is the paper due | when are they due は 0 件。en は Math Stack Exchange では選ばない。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-28" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "class-asking-where-did-that-come-from", "situation": "class-asking", "intent": "板書の式がどこから来たのか・どう変形したのかを聞く", "en": "How do you get from this line to that one?", "ja": "この行から次の行へは、どうやって変形するんですか。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "Where did the 2 come from?", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "asking", "derivation" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "how do you get": 20, "where did … come from | where does … come from | where'd … come from": 4 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "class-asking-which-problems", "situation": "class-asking", "intent": "宿題の範囲（どの問題か）を確かめる", "en": "Which problems are we supposed to do?", "ja": "宿題はどの問題ですか。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "Was that odds only?", "register": "casual", "note": "教科書の奇数番の問題だけかを聞く。" } ], "tags": [ "asking", "homework" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "sources": [], "counted": "2026-09-26" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-human-settled", "note": "要の部分は人間が決めた（2026-09-26。docs/DECISIONS.md「Phase 3 フレーズ 3 の前の修正」の 3 と「Phase 5 監査（セッション 11）」）。Which problems are we supposed to do?（指示の文）。MICASE の学生の発話は 0 件、Math Stack Exchange も which problems ・just the odds を MSE_SKIP に入れると 3 件未満。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-28" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "class-asking-why-can-we", "situation": "class-asking", "intent": "理由を聞く（その操作をしてよい理由など）", "en": "Why is that?", "ja": "それはどうしてですか。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "How come we can divide by x here?", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "asking", "reasoning" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "spoken": { "!know why is that": 11, "how come !you !i !they": 8 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "class-asking-will-this-be-on-the-test", "situation": "class-asking", "intent": "今の内容がテストの範囲かを聞く", "en": "Do we need to know this for the exam?", "ja": "これ、試験で必要ですか。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "Will this be on the test?", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "asking", "exam" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "do we need to know | do we have to know | do we hafta know | do i need to know | do i have to know": 5, "be on the test | be on the exam | be on the midterm | be on the final | be on the quiz": 2 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（MICASE の学生の発話で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。話者のコーパスで首位の要の部分 do we need to know | do we have to know | do we hafta know | do i need to know | do i have to know（5 件。3 件以上）。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-28" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "class-listening-answers-in-the-back", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "奇数番の答えは教科書の巻末にあると伝える", "en": "The answers to the odd-numbered problems are in the back of the book.", "ja": "奇数番の答えは教科書の後ろに載っています。", "register": "neutral", "tags": [ "classroom", "textbook" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "back of the book | back of your book": 12 }, "sources": [ "micase", "mit-18.01", "yt:blackpenredpen", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "class-listening-common-mistake", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "よくある間違いに注意させる", "en": "This is a really common mistake.", "ja": "これは本当によくある間違いです。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "Watch out — this is where people lose points.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "mistakes" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "common mistake | common error": 21, "lose points": 2 }, "sources": [ "micase", "mit-18.01", "mit-18.03", "yt:patrickjmt", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "class-listening-does-that-make-sense", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "説明が伝わったかをクラスに確かめる", "en": "Any questions before we move on?", "ja": "次に進む前に、何か質問はありますか？", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "Does that make sense?", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "checking-understanding" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "any questions": 324, "does that make sense | does this make sense": 301 }, "sources": [ "khan-algebra", "khan-ap-calc", "khan-middle", "micase", "mit-18.01", "mit-18.02", "mit-18.03", "mit-18.06", "mit-6.042", "yt:3blue1brown", "yt:blackpenredpen", "yt:organicchem", "yt:patrickjmt", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "class-listening-extra-credit", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "加点の問題だと伝える", "en": "This one's for extra credit.", "ja": "これは加点問題です。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "This is a bonus question.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "classroom", "grading" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "extra credit": 6, "bonus question | bonus problem | bonus points": 4 }, "sources": [ "micase", "mit-6.042", "yt:3blue1brown", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（講義のコーパスと MICASE の教員の発話で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。話者のコーパスで首位の要の部分 extra credit（6 件。3 件以上）。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-28" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "class-listening-final-is-cumulative", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "期末試験が全範囲から出ると伝える", "en": "The final is cumulative.", "ja": "期末試験は全範囲です。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "The final covers everything.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "classroom", "exam" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "sources": [], "counted": "2026-09-26" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-human-settled", "note": "要の部分は人間が決めた（2026-09-26。docs/DECISIONS.md「Phase 3 フレーズ 2 の前の修正」の 4）。The final is cumulative. ／ The final covers everything.。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-26" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "class-listening-homework-is", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "宿題の範囲を伝える", "en": "For homework, do section 3.2, problems 1 through 25, odds.", "ja": "宿題は 3.2 節の 1〜25 の奇数番です。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "Tonight's homework is 3.2, odd problems 1 to 25.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "classroom", "homework" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "for homework": 22, "homework is | tonight's homework": 6 }, "sources": [ "khan-ap-calc", "khan-middle", "micase", "mit-18.03", "mit-6.042", "yt:3blue1brown", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "class-listening-in-your-own-words", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "なぜそうなるかを自分の言葉で説明させる", "en": "Can you explain why that works?", "ja": "なぜそうなるのか説明できますか？", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "Explain it in your own words.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "asking-the-class", "explaining" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "in your own words": 4, "can you explain | can someone explain | can somebody explain | can anyone explain | can anybody explain | who can explain": 5 }, "sources": [ "micase", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（講義のコーパスと MICASE の教員の発話で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。話者のコーパスで首位の要の部分 can you explain | can someone explain | can somebody explain | can anyone explain | can anybody explain | who can explain（5 件。3 件以上）。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-28" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "class-listening-its-due", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "提出の締め切りを伝える", "en": "It's due Friday.", "ja": "提出は金曜日です。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "Turn it in at the start of class on Friday.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "classroom", "homework" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "it's due !to | !credit is due !to | due on": 16, "turn it in | hand it in": 5 }, "sources": [ "micase", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "class-listening-lets-go-over-the-homework", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "宿題の答え合わせをする", "en": "Let's go over the homework.", "ja": "宿題の答え合わせをしましょう。", "register": "neutral", "tags": [ "classroom", "homework" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "go over the homework | go over homework | go over the problem set | go over the assignment": 1 }, "sources": [ "khan-ap-calc" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-human-settled", "note": "要の部分は人間が決めた（2026-09-26。docs/DECISIONS.md「Phase 3 フレーズ 2 の前の修正」の 4）。Let's go over the homework.。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-26" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "class-listening-lowest-quiz-dropped", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "小テストの最低点を成績から除くと伝える", "en": "Your lowest quiz score will be dropped.", "ja": "小テストの一番低い点は成績に入れません。", "register": "neutral", "tags": [ "classroom", "grading" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "sources": [], "counted": "2026-09-26" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-human-settled", "note": "要の部分は人間が決めた（2026-09-26。docs/DECISIONS.md「Phase 3 フレーズ 2 の前の修正」の 4）。Your lowest quiz score will be dropped.。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-26" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "class-listening-notice-that", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "注目すべき点を示す", "en": "Notice that the two triangles share a side.", "ja": "2 つの三角形が 1 辺を共有していることに注目してください。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "The key thing to see here is that they share a side.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "explaining" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "notice that": 492, "the key thing": 20 }, "sources": [ "khan-algebra", "khan-ap-calc", "khan-ap-stats", "khan-middle", "micase", "mit-18.01", "mit-18.02", "mit-18.03", "mit-18.06", "mit-6.042", "yt:3blue1brown", "yt:blackpenredpen", "yt:nancypi", "yt:organicchem", "yt:patrickjmt", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "class-listening-office-hours-are", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "オフィスアワーの時間を伝える", "en": "My office hours are Tuesdays from 2 to 4.", "ja": "オフィスアワーは火曜の 2 時から 4 時です。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "I have office hours on Tuesdays from 2 to 4.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "classroom", "office-hours" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "office hours": 25, "i have office hours | i'll have office hours | i will have office hours": 5 }, "sources": [ "khan-ap-calc", "micase", "mit-18.01" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "class-listening-oops-good-catch", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "板書の誤りを認めて直す", "en": "Oops, my mistake — that should be a minus.", "ja": "おっと、間違えました。ここはマイナスですね。", "register": "casual", "variants": [ { "en": "Sorry, my bad — that should be a minus.", "register": "casual" }, { "en": "Good catch, thank you.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "classroom", "board" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "my mistake !was !i | my bad !little !attitude": 11, "thanks for catching | thank you for catching | good catch": 3 }, "sources": [ "micase", "yt:3blue1brown", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "class-listening-pass-your-papers-forward", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "答案・プリントを前に回させる", "en": "Pass your papers forward.", "ja": "答案（プリント）を前に回してください。", "register": "neutral", "tags": [ "classroom" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "pass … forward | pass your papers | pass … to the front": 1 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-human-settled", "note": "要の部分は人間が決めた（2026-09-26。docs/DECISIONS.md「Phase 3 フレーズ 2 の前の修正」の 4）。Pass your papers forward.。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-26" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "class-listening-raise-your-hand-if", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "手を挙げさせて答えを確かめる", "en": "Raise your hand if you got 5.", "ja": "5 になった人は手を挙げてください。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "Thumbs up if you got 5.", "register": "casual" } ], "tags": [ "classroom", "checking-understanding" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "raise your hand": 49 }, "sources": [ "micase", "mit-18.03", "mit-6.042", "yt:3blue1brown", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "class-listening-recall-that", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "前に習ったことを思い出させる", "en": "Remember that the derivative of sin x is cos x.", "ja": "sin x の導関数は cos x でしたね。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "Recall that the derivative of sin x is cos x.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "review" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "remember that": 401, "recall that": 37 }, "sources": [ "khan-algebra", "khan-ap-calc", "khan-ap-stats", "khan-middle", "micase", "mit-18.01", "mit-18.02", "mit-18.03", "mit-18.06", "mit-6.042", "yt:3blue1brown", "yt:blackpenredpen", "yt:nancypi", "yt:organicchem", "yt:patrickjmt", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "class-listening-same-idea-as-before", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "前の問題と同じ考え方だと伝える", "en": "This is the same idea as before.", "ja": "さっきと同じ考え方です。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "It's just like the last problem.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "explaining" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "same idea": 131, "just like the last problem | just like the last one | just like before": 37 }, "sources": [ "khan-algebra", "khan-ap-calc", "khan-ap-stats", "khan-middle", "micase", "mit-18.01", "mit-18.02", "mit-18.03", "mit-18.06", "mit-6.042", "yt:3blue1brown", "yt:nancypi", "yt:organicchem", "yt:patrickjmt", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "class-listening-sanity-check", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "答えが妥当かを確かめさせる", "en": "Let's do a quick sanity check.", "ja": "答えが妥当か、さっと確かめてみましょう。", "register": "casual", "variants": [ { "en": "Does this answer make sense?", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "checking" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "spoken": { "answer make sense | answer makes sense": 1, "sanity check": 7 }, "sources": [ "mit-18.01", "mit-18.02", "mit-6.042", "yt:3blue1brown" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（講義のコーパスと MICASE の教員の発話で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。話者のコーパスで首位の要の部分 sanity check（7 件。3 件以上）。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-10-07" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "class-listening-take-out-a-sheet-of-paper", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "小テストのために紙を出させる", "en": "Take out a sheet of paper.", "ja": "紙を 1 枚出してください。", "register": "neutral", "tags": [ "classroom", "quiz" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "take out a sheet of paper | take out a piece of paper | get out a piece of paper | get out a sheet of paper": 2 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-human-settled", "note": "要の部分は人間が決めた（2026-09-26。docs/DECISIONS.md「Phase 3 フレーズ 2 の前の修正」の 4）。Take out a sheet of paper.。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-26" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "class-listening-this-will-be-on-the-test", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "試験に出ると予告する", "en": "This will be on the exam.", "ja": "ここはテストに出ます。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "This will be on the test.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "classroom", "exam" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "spoken": { "be on the exam | what's on the exam | that's on the exam | is on the exam": 7, "be on the test | what's on the test | that's on the test | is on the test": 5 }, "sources": [ "micase", "mit-18.01", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（講義のコーパスと MICASE の教員の発話で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。話者のコーパスで首位の要の部分 be on the exam | what's on the exam | that's on the exam | is on the exam（7 件。3 件以上）。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-10-07" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "class-listening-try-this-one", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "例題を自分で解かせる", "en": "Go ahead and try this one — I'll give you a couple of minutes.", "ja": "この問題をやってみてください。少し時間をとります。", "register": "neutral", "tags": [ "classroom", "practice" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "try this one": 44 }, "sources": [ "khan-algebra", "khan-middle", "micase", "mit-18.01", "mit-18.03", "yt:organicchem", "yt:patrickjmt", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "class-listening-turn-to-page", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "教科書の指定のページを開かせる", "en": "Turn to page 45.", "ja": "45 ページを開いてください。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "Open your books to page 45.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "classroom", "textbook" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "turn to page": 5, "open your books to | open your book to | open … to page": 1 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（講義のコーパスと MICASE の教員の発話で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。話者のコーパスで首位の要の部分 turn to page（5 件。3 件以上）。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-28" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "class-listening-warm-up", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "授業の始めに短い問題をさせる", "en": "Let's start with a quick warm-up.", "ja": "まずは軽いウォームアップから始めましょう。", "register": "neutral", "tags": [ "classroom" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "warm-up | warm up": 41 }, "sources": [ "khan-algebra", "khan-ap-stats", "khan-middle", "micase", "mit-18.01", "mit-18.02", "mit-18.03", "mit-6.042", "yt:3blue1brown" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "class-listening-well-come-back-to-this", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "今は深入りせず、後で扱うと伝える", "en": "We'll come back to this later.", "ja": "これは後でまた扱います。", "register": "neutral", "tags": [ "classroom" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "come back to this | come back to that": 48 }, "sources": [ "micase", "mit-18.01", "mit-18.02", "mit-18.03", "mit-18.06", "mit-6.042", "yt:blackpenredpen", "yt:organicchem", "yt:patrickjmt", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "class-listening-what-do-you-notice", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "気づいたことを言わせる", "en": "What do you notice?", "ja": "何か気づいたことはありますか？", "register": "neutral", "tags": [ "asking-the-class" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" }, { "type": "reference", "title": "Illustrative Mathematics, IM 6–8 Math", "url": "https://im.kendallhunt.com/MS/students/index.html", "note": "授業の始めの活動 Notice and Wonder（What do you notice? What do you wonder?）。IM 9–12 Math も同じ" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "spoken": { "what do you notice": 6 }, "sources": [ "micase", "mit-18.06", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（講義のコーパスと MICASE の教員の発話で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。話者のコーパスで首位の要の部分 what do you notice（6 件。3 件以上）。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-10-07" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null }, "notes": [ "Illustrative Mathematics（IM）は授業の始めの活動 Notice and Wonder で、What do you notice? に続けて What do you wonder?（疑問に思ったことは何か）と聞く。" ] }, { "id": "class-listening-whats-the-next-step", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "次の手順をクラスに考えさせる", "en": "What's the next step?", "ja": "次はどうしますか？", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "What do we do now? Anybody?", "register": "casual" } ], "tags": [ "asking-the-class" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "what do we do now | what do we do next | what should we do next | what do i do now": 10, "what's the next step | what is the next step | what's our next step | what is our next step | what about the next step | what would be the next step": 23 }, "sources": [ "khan-ap-calc", "micase", "mit-18.03", "mit-18.06", "mit-6.042", "yt:blackpenredpen", "yt:organicchem", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "class-listening-who-wants-to-come-up", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "黒板で解く人を募る", "en": "Can I get a volunteer?", "ja": "誰か前に出て解いてくれる人はいますか？", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "Who wants to come up and do this one?", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "classroom", "board" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "!as !with a volunteer | any volunteers": 8, "come up to the board | come up and do | come on up": 6 }, "sources": [ "micase", "mit-6.042" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（講義のコーパスと MICASE の教員の発話で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。話者のコーパスで首位の要の部分 !as !with a volunteer | any volunteers（8 件。3 件以上）。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-28" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "class-listening-work-with-a-partner", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "隣の人と答えを比べさせる・ペアで取り組ませる", "en": "Work with a partner.", "ja": "ペアで取り組んでください。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "Turn to your neighbor and compare.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "classroom", "pair-work" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "spoken": { "with a partner": 3 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（講義のコーパスと MICASE の教員の発話で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。話者のコーパスで首位の要の部分 with a partner（3 件。3 件以上）。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-10-07" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "class-listening-write-this-down", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "ノートに書いておくよう指示する", "en": "Write this down.", "ja": "これはノートに書いておいてください。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "You'll want this in your notes.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "classroom", "notes" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "!me !let's !lets !to !gonna !i'll !i !we !can !will !won't !shall !just !actually !quickly !also !again write this down | !me !let's !lets !to !gonna !i'll !i !we !can !will !won't !shall !just !actually !quickly !also !again write that down": 50, "in your notes": 19 }, "sources": [ "khan-ap-calc", "khan-middle", "micase", "mit-18.02", "mit-18.03", "mit-18.06", "mit-6.042", "yt:3blue1brown", "yt:blackpenredpen", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "class-listening-you-dont-need-to-memorize", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "公式集が配られるので暗記しなくてよいと伝える", "en": "You'll get a formula sheet, so you don't need to memorize this.", "ja": "公式集が配られるので、これは覚えなくていいです。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "You don't have to memorize this one.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "classroom", "exam" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "don't need to memorize | don't have to memorize | don't memorize | do not need to memorize": 2, "your formula sheet | a formula sheet": 5 }, "sources": [ "micase", "yt:blackpenredpen" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（講義のコーパスと MICASE の教員の発話で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。話者のコーパスで首位の要の部分 your formula sheet | a formula sheet（5 件。3 件以上）。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-28" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "clearly", "situation": "written-solution", "intent": "自明なことを「明らかに」と書く", "en": "Clearly, f(0) = 1.", "ja": "明らかに f(0) = 1 である。", "register": "written", "variants": [ { "en": "It is clear that f(0) = 1.", "register": "written" } ], "tags": [ "proof" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "written": { "clearly": 73, "it is clear that | it's clear that": 7 }, "sources": [ "mit-notes", "openstax-algtrig", "openstax-calculus", "openstax-elemalg", "openstax-intalg", "openstax-introstats", "openstax-prealgebra", "openstax-precalculus" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "continuous-but-not-differentiable", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "連続だが微分できない点があることを示す", "en": "It's continuous at 0, but it's not differentiable there.", "ja": "x = 0 で連続ですが、微分はできません。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "It's continuous, but there's a sharp corner.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "derivatives", "continuity" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "sharp corner | a sharp point | a cusp | a kink": 6, "not differentiable": 33 }, "sources": [ "khan-ap-calc", "mit-18.01", "mit-18.02", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "conversely", "situation": "written-solution", "intent": "逆向きの主張を示すときに「逆に」と書く", "en": "Conversely, if a² + b² = c², then the triangle is a right triangle.", "ja": "逆に、a² + b² = c² ならば、その三角形は直角三角形である。", "register": "written", "variants": [ { "en": "Now for the other direction,", "register": "written" } ], "tags": [ "proof", "logic" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "written": { "conversely": 14 }, "sources": [ "mit-notes", "openstax-algtrig", "openstax-calculus", "openstax-introstats" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "differentiate-the-outside-first", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "合成関数の微分で、まず外側の関数を微分する（中身はそのまま）", "en": "Take the derivative of the outside first.", "ja": "まず外側を微分します。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "Differentiate the outside and leave the inside alone.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "derivatives", "chain-rule" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "derivative of the outside | derivative of the outer": 54, "leave the inside alone | leave the inside": 28 }, "sources": [ "khan-ap-calc", "mit-18.01", "yt:3blue1brown", "yt:nancypi", "yt:organicchem", "yt:patrickjmt", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "discord-anyone-get", "situation": "discord", "intent": "クラスのチャットで、ある問題が解けた人がいるか聞く", "en": "Did anyone get #3?", "ja": "3 番解けた人いる？", "register": "casual", "variants": [ { "en": "anyone figure out 3?", "register": "casual", "note": "文頭の小文字と Did の省略は、チャットのくだけた書き方。" } ], "tags": [ "discord", "asking" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "spoken": { "did anyone get | has anyone gotten": 1 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "email・discord の要の部分が MICASE の学生の発話に 3 件未満（最も多い did anyone get | has anyone gotten で 1 件）。Math Stack Exchange の質問で anyone figure out | anyone figured out が 43 件（3 件以上）なので likely。en の要の部分 did anyone get | has anyone gotten は 2 件。en は Math Stack Exchange では選ばない。", "raised": "2026-10-07" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "discord-can-someone-explain", "situation": "discord", "intent": "クラスのチャットで説明を頼む", "en": "Can someone explain why the limit is 0 here?", "ja": "ここで極限が 0 になる理由、誰か説明してくれない？", "register": "casual", "tags": [ "discord", "asking" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "sources": [], "counted": "2026-09-26" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "email・discord の要の部分が MICASE の学生の発話に 3 件未満（最も多い can someone explain | could someone explain で 0 件）。Math Stack Exchange の質問で can someone explain | could someone explain が 10187 件（3 件以上）なので likely。en の要の部分 can someone explain | could someone explain も 10187 件（3 件以上）なので en のまま。", "raised": "2026-10-07" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "discord-due-tonight", "situation": "discord", "intent": "締め切りを確認する", "en": "Is the homework due tonight?", "ja": "課題って今夜締め切り？", "register": "casual", "tags": [ "discord", "deadlines" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "sources": [], "counted": "2026-09-26" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-human-settled", "note": "文は人間が決めた（2026-09-26。docs/DECISIONS.md「Phase 3 慣習差 2 の前の修正」の 2）: 「Is the homework due tonight?」。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-26" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "discord-here-is-my-work", "situation": "discord", "intent": "自分の途中式を貼って、どこで間違えたか聞く", "en": "Here's my work so far — where did I go wrong?", "ja": "途中までの計算貼るね。どこで間違えた？", "register": "casual", "variants": [ { "en": "Where did I go wrong?", "register": "casual" } ], "tags": [ "discord", "asking", "mistakes" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "sources": [], "counted": "2026-09-26" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "email・discord の要の部分が MICASE の学生の発話に 3 件未満（最も多い here's my work | here is my work で 0 件）。Math Stack Exchange の質問で where did i go wrong が 2305 件（3 件以上）なので likely。en の要の部分 here's my work | here is my work も 1105 件（3 件以上）なので en のまま。", "raised": "2026-10-07" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "discord-hint-no-spoilers", "situation": "discord", "intent": "答えではなくヒントだけを頼む", "en": "Can someone give me a hint? No full solutions pls.", "ja": "ヒントだけちょうだい。答えは書かないで。", "register": "casual", "variants": [ { "en": "Just a nudge please, no spoilers.", "register": "casual" } ], "tags": [ "discord", "asking", "hints" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "spoken": { "a hint | any hints | no full solutions": 2 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "email・discord の要の部分が MICASE の学生の発話に 3 件未満（最も多い a hint | any hints | no full solutions で 2 件）。Math Stack Exchange の質問で a hint | any hints | no full solutions が 35939 件（3 件以上）なので likely。en の要の部分 a hint | any hints | no full solutions も 35939 件（3 件以上）なので en のまま。", "raised": "2026-10-07" } ], "notes": [ "pls は please の略。" ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "discord-notes-from-today", "situation": "discord", "intent": "今日の講義ノートを誰かに共有してほしいと頼む", "en": "Can someone share their notes from today?", "ja": "今日のノート、誰か共有してくれない？", "register": "casual", "tags": [ "discord", "notes" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "sources": [], "counted": "2026-09-26" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-human-settled", "note": "文は人間が決めた（2026-09-26。docs/DECISIONS.md「Phase 3 慣習差 2 の前の修正」の 2）: 「Can someone share their notes from today?」。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-26" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "discord-nvm-figured-it-out", "situation": "discord", "intent": "質問を取り下げる（自己解決した）", "en": "never mind, got it", "ja": "ごめん、自己解決した。", "register": "casual", "variants": [ { "en": "nvm, figured it out", "register": "casual", "note": "nvm は never mind の略。" } ], "tags": [ "discord" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "spoken": { "never mind | nevermind": 25, "figured it out": 16 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "discord-office-hours-today", "situation": "discord", "intent": "今日のオフィスアワーがあるか確認する", "en": "Are you still having office hours today?", "ja": "今日のオフィスアワー、予定どおりやる？", "register": "casual", "tags": [ "discord", "office-hours" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-08", "evidence": { "spoken": { "have office hours | having office hours": 3 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "variants": [ { "en": "Are office hours still happening today?", "register": "casual" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-08", "human": null } }, { "id": "discord-quiz-covers", "situation": "discord", "intent": "小テストの範囲を確認する", "en": "Is 4.3 on the quiz too?", "ja": "小テストって 4.3 も入る？", "register": "casual", "variants": [ { "en": "Does the quiz cover 4.3?", "register": "casual" } ], "tags": [ "discord", "exam" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "spoken": { "be on the quiz | be on the test | be on the exam | is … on the quiz | is … on the test | is … on the exam | what's on the quiz | what's on the test | what's on the exam": 5 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "discord-right-channel", "situation": "discord", "intent": "質問する場所がここでよいか確認する", "en": "Is this the right channel for calc questions?", "ja": "微積の質問ってここでいい？", "register": "casual", "variants": [ { "en": "Is this the right place to ask?", "register": "casual" } ], "tags": [ "discord" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "sources": [], "counted": "2026-09-26" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "email・discord の要の部分が MICASE の学生の発話に 3 件未満（最も多い right channel で 0 件）。Math Stack Exchange の質問で right place to ask が 159 件（3 件以上）なので likely。en の要の部分 right channel は Math Stack Exchange で検索しない。en は Math Stack Exchange では選ばない。", "raised": "2026-10-07" } ], "notes": [ "calc は calculus（微積分）の略。" ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "discord-same-answer", "situation": "discord", "intent": "自分も同じ答えになったと言う", "en": "Same, I got 12 too.", "ja": "自分も 12 になった。", "register": "casual", "variants": [ { "en": "I got the same answer — 12.", "register": "casual" }, { "en": "+1", "register": "casual", "note": "同意の印。" } ], "tags": [ "discord", "answers" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-08", "evidence": { "sources": [], "counted": "2026-09-26" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "email・discord の要の部分が MICASE の学生の発話に 3 件未満（最も多い で 0 件）。Math Stack Exchange の質問で i got the same | got the same answer が 285 件（3 件以上）なので likely。en の要の部分 （数えない） は Math Stack Exchange で検索しない。en は Math Stack Exchange では選ばない。", "raised": "2026-10-07" } ], "notes": [ "Same, は「自分も（同じ）」と返すチャットのくだけた書き方。" ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-08", "human": null } }, { "id": "discord-study-on-a-call", "situation": "discord", "intent": "通話しながら一緒に勉強しようと誘う", "en": "Anyone want to hop on a call and study?", "ja": "通話で勉強しない？", "register": "casual", "tags": [ "discord", "group-study" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "sources": [], "counted": "2026-09-26" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-human-settled", "note": "文は人間が決めた（2026-09-26。docs/DECISIONS.md「Phase 3 慣習差 2 の前の修正」の 2）: 「Anyone want to hop on a call and study?」。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-26" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "discord-thanks", "situation": "discord", "intent": "チャットで手短にお礼を言う", "en": "thanks, that helped", "ja": "ありがとう、助かった！", "register": "casual", "variants": [ { "en": "ty!", "register": "casual", "note": "thank you の略。" } ], "tags": [ "discord", "thanks" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "spoken": { "that helped | that helps": 23 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "discord-typo-in-the-pset", "situation": "discord", "intent": "課題の誤植を指摘する", "en": "I think there's a typo in #5 on the pset.", "ja": "課題の 5 番、誤植っぽくない？", "register": "casual", "tags": [ "discord", "mistakes" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "sources": [], "counted": "2026-09-26" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "email・discord の要の部分が MICASE の学生の発話に 3 件未満（最も多い a typo in | typo in the で 0 件）。Math Stack Exchange の質問で a typo in | typo in the が 1176 件（3 件以上）なので likely。en の要の部分 a typo in | typo in the も 1176 件（3 件以上）なので en のまま。", "raised": "2026-10-07" } ], "notes": [ "pset は problem set（課題の問題のまとまり）の略。" ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "discord-when-is-the-midterm", "situation": "discord", "intent": "中間試験の日を聞く", "en": "When is the midterm?", "ja": "中間試験っていつ？", "register": "casual", "tags": [ "discord", "exam" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "spoken": { "when is the midterm | when's the midterm | when is the exam | when's the exam": 1 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-human-settled", "note": "文は人間が決めた（2026-09-26。docs/DECISIONS.md「Phase 3 慣習差 2 の前の修正」の 2）: 「When is the midterm?」。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-26" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "divide-numerator-and-denominator-by-n", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "極限の計算で、分子と分母を最高次の n で割る", "en": "Divide the numerator and denominator by n.", "ja": "分子と分母を n で割ります。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "Divide top and bottom by n.", "register": "casual" } ], "tags": [ "limits" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "divide … numerator and denominator by | divide numerator and denominator by": 17, "divide … top and bottom by | divide top and bottom by": 1 }, "sources": [ "khan-algebra", "khan-ap-calc", "khan-ap-stats", "khan-middle", "micase", "mit-18.01", "mit-18.03" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "divide-the-figure", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "面積を求めるために図形を分割する", "en": "Break the figure up into rectangles and triangles.", "ja": "図形を長方形と三角形に分けましょう。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "Break it up into smaller shapes.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "geometry", "area" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "into rectangles and triangles | into a rectangle and | into triangles | into two triangles | into two rectangles": 6 }, "sources": [ "khan-ap-calc", "khan-middle" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（講義のコーパスと MICASE の教員の発話で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。話者のコーパスで首位の要の部分 into rectangles and triangles | into a rectangle and | into triangles | into two triangles | into two rectangles（6 件。3 件以上）。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-28" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "dont-forget-the-plus-c", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "不定積分の答えに積分定数を付け忘れないよう注意する", "en": "Don't forget the plus C.", "ja": "積分定数の C を忘れないでね。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "Don't forget your constant of integration.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "integration", "reminder" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "plus c": 340, "constant of integration": 28 }, "sources": [ "khan-algebra", "khan-ap-calc", "khan-middle", "micase", "mit-18.01", "mit-18.02", "mit-18.03", "mit-18.06", "mit-6.042", "yt:3blue1brown", "yt:blackpenredpen", "yt:nancypi", "yt:organicchem", "yt:patrickjmt", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "email-attached", "situation": "email", "intent": "添付ファイルがあることを書く", "en": "I've attached my work as a PDF.", "ja": "解答を PDF で添付しました。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "Please see the attached file.", "register": "polite" } ], "tags": [ "email" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "sources": [], "counted": "2026-09-26" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "email・discord の要の部分が MICASE の学生の発話に 3 件未満（最も多い i've attached | i have attached で 0 件）。Math Stack Exchange の質問で i've attached | i have attached が 719 件（3 件以上）なので likely。en の要の部分 i've attached | i have attached も 719 件（3 件以上）なので en のまま。", "raised": "2026-10-07" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "email-cannot-make-office-hours", "situation": "email", "intent": "オフィスアワー以外の時間に会えるか頼む", "en": "I have a class during your office hours. Would it be possible to meet at another time?", "ja": "オフィスアワーの時間は授業があるため、別の時間にお会いできないでしょうか。", "register": "polite", "tags": [ "email", "office-hours" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "sources": [], "counted": "2026-09-26" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-human-settled", "note": "文は人間が決めた（2026-09-26。docs/DECISIONS.md「Phase 3 慣習差 2 の前の修正」の 2）: 「I have a class during your office hours. Would it be possible to meet at another time?」。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-26" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "email-confirm", "situation": "email", "intent": "範囲などを確認させてもらう", "en": "Could you confirm whether the quiz on Friday covers Section 4.3?", "ja": "金曜日の小テストに 4.3 節も含まれるか確認させてください。", "register": "polite", "tags": [ "email" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "sources": [], "counted": "2026-09-26" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "email・discord の要の部分が MICASE の学生の発話に 3 件未満（最も多い could you confirm | can you confirm で 0 件）。Math Stack Exchange の質問で could you confirm | can you confirm が 256 件（3 件以上）なので likely。en の要の部分 could you confirm | can you confirm も 256 件（3 件以上）なので en のまま。", "raised": "2026-10-07" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "email-describe-where-stuck", "situation": "email", "intent": "メールでどこまでできて、どこで詰まったかを書く", "en": "For problem 3, I got as far as setting up the integral, but I'm not sure how to handle the absolute value.", "ja": "3 番は積分の式を立てるところまではできたのですが、絶対値の扱いが分かりません。", "register": "polite", "variants": [ { "en": "I set up the integral, but I got stuck on the absolute value.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "email", "asking" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "sources": [], "counted": "2026-09-26" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "email・discord の要の部分が MICASE の学生の発話に 3 件未満（最も多い not sure how to で 0 件）。Math Stack Exchange の質問で not sure how to が 33258 件（3 件以上）なので likely。en の要の部分 not sure how to も 33258 件（3 件以上）なので en のまま。", "raised": "2026-10-07" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "email-dictionary-during-exam", "situation": "email", "intent": "英語が母語でないことを伝え、試験での辞書使用を相談する", "en": "English is not my first language. Would it be possible for me to use a paper bilingual dictionary during the exam?", "ja": "英語が母語ではないため、試験中に紙の英和辞書を使ってもよいか伺いたいです。", "register": "polite", "tags": [ "email", "exam", "language" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "sources": [], "counted": "2026-09-26" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "email・discord の要の部分が MICASE の学生の発話に 3 件未満（最も多い my first language | my native language で 0 件）。Math Stack Exchange の質問で my first language | my native language が 665 件（3 件以上）なので likely。en の要の部分 my first language | my native language も 665 件（3 件以上）なので en のまま。", "raised": "2026-10-07" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "email-exam-conflict", "situation": "email", "intent": "試験の時間が重なっていることを伝え、別の時間を頼む", "en": "I have a conflict with the final exam time. Would it be possible to take it at a different time?", "ja": "期末試験の時間が別の予定と重なっています。別の時間に受けることはできますか。", "register": "polite", "variants": [ { "en": "Could I take the exam at another time?", "register": "polite" }, { "en": "I have two finals scheduled at the same time.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "email", "exam" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-08", "evidence": { "sources": [], "counted": "2026-09-26" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-human-settled", "note": "en は人間が決めた（I have a conflict with the final exam time. Would it be possible to take it at a different time? のまま。variants に I have two finals scheduled at the same time.。ユーザーの決定 3（監査 13 の前。監査 12 の人間レビュー行き））。試験の時間が重なる意味の言い方は MICASE の学生の発話にも Math Stack Exchange の質問にも 3 件に届かない（DECISIONS）。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-10-08" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-08", "human": null } }, { "id": "email-extension", "situation": "email", "intent": "提出期限の延長を頼む", "en": "Would it be possible to get an extension on the homework?", "ja": "課題の提出期限を延ばしていただくことは可能でしょうか。", "register": "polite", "tags": [ "email", "deadlines" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "sources": [], "counted": "2026-09-26" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-human-settled", "note": "文は人間が決めた（2026-09-26。docs/DECISIONS.md「Phase 3 慣習差 2 の前の修正」の 2）: 「Would it be possible to get an extension on the homework?」。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-26" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "email-follow-up", "situation": "email", "intent": "返事のないメールについて改めて連絡する", "en": "I just wanted to follow up on my email from last week.", "ja": "先週お送りしたメールの件で、改めてご連絡しました。", "register": "polite", "tags": [ "email" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "spoken": { "follow up on | following up on": 1 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "email・discord の要の部分が MICASE の学生の発話に 3 件未満（最も多い follow up on | following up on で 1 件）。Math Stack Exchange の質問で follow up on | following up on が 194 件（3 件以上）なので likely。en の要の部分 follow up on | following up on も 194 件（3 件以上）なので en のまま。", "raised": "2026-10-07" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "email-greeting", "situation": "email", "intent": "教員へのメールの書き出し", "en": "Dear Professor Smith,", "ja": "〜先生（メールの書き出し）", "register": "polite", "variants": [ { "en": "Hi Professor Smith,", "register": "casual" } ], "tags": [ "email" ], "notes": [ "Hi Professor Smith, はくだけた書き方。" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "spoken": { "hi professor | hello professor": 1 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-human-settled", "note": "文は人間が決めた（2026-09-26。docs/DECISIONS.md「Phase 3 慣習差 2 の前の修正」の 2）: 「Dear Professor Smith,」 ／ 「Hi Professor Smith,」。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-26" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "email-introduce-yourself", "situation": "email", "intent": "メールで名前と受講しているセクションを名乗る", "en": "My name is Taro Yamada, and I'm in your MATH 221 section that meets MWF at 10.", "ja": "月水金 10 時の MATH 221 を受講している山田太郎です。", "register": "polite", "tags": [ "email" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "spoken": { "my name is | my name's": 17 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "email-missed-class", "situation": "email", "intent": "欠席を伝え、補うべきことを聞く", "en": "I'm sorry I had to miss class on Wednesday. Is there anything I should do to catch up?", "ja": "水曜日の授業を欠席してしまい、申し訳ありません。何か補っておくべきことはありますか。", "register": "polite", "variants": [ { "en": "Is there anything I need to catch up on?", "register": "polite" } ], "tags": [ "email" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "spoken": { "catch up on": 1 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "email・discord の要の部分が MICASE の学生の発話に 3 件未満（最も多い catch up on で 1 件）。Math Stack Exchange の質問で catch up on が 25 件（3 件以上）なので likely。en の要の部分 miss class は 0 件。en は Math Stack Exchange では選ばない。", "raised": "2026-10-07" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "email-prerequisite", "situation": "email", "intent": "日本で履修した科目が前提科目を満たすか聞く", "en": "I took calculus in Japan (Math III). Would that satisfy the prerequisite for MATH 221?", "ja": "日本で数学 III を履修しましたが、MATH 221 の前提科目を満たしますか。", "register": "polite", "tags": [ "email", "courses" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "spoken": { "prerequisite for | the prerequisite !of": 4 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "email-regrade-request", "situation": "email", "intent": "メールで採点の見直しを頼む", "en": "I'd like to ask about the grading on problem 2 of the midterm. I've attached a scan of my work.", "ja": "中間試験の 2 番の採点について、見直しをお願いできないでしょうか。答案のスキャンを添付します。", "register": "polite", "variants": [ { "en": "Could you take another look at problem 2?", "register": "polite" } ], "tags": [ "email", "grading" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "sources": [], "counted": "2026-09-26" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "email・discord の要の部分が MICASE の学生の発話に 3 件未満（最も多い about the grading で 0 件）。Math Stack Exchange の質問で another look | regrade | re-grade | look at it again | look at this again | graded wrong | graded incorrectly | grading was wrong | grading error が 7 件（3 件以上）なので likely。en の要の部分 about the grading は 2 件。en は Math Stack Exchange では選ばない。", "raised": "2026-10-07" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "email-sign-off", "situation": "email", "intent": "メールの結びと署名", "en": "Best, Taro Yamada", "ja": "（結び・署名）", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "Best regards, Taro Yamada", "register": "polite" }, { "en": "Sincerely, Taro Yamada", "register": "polite" } ], "tags": [ "email" ], "notes": [ "Thanks, とも結ぶ。" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "spoken": { "sincerely": 2 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "email・discord の要の部分が MICASE の学生の発話に 3 件未満（最も多い sincerely で 2 件）。Math Stack Exchange の質問で best regards | kind regards が 1683 件（3 件以上）なので likely。en の要の部分 （数えない） は Math Stack Exchange で検索しない。en は Math Stack Exchange では選ばない。", "raised": "2026-10-07" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "email-subject-line", "situation": "email", "intent": "メールの件名に授業・セクション・用件を書く", "en": "Subject: MATH 221 Sec. 3 – Question about HW 5", "ja": "件名：MATH 221 セクション 3 ― 課題 5 についての質問", "register": "neutral", "tags": [ "email" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "spoken": { "question about": 46 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "email-thank-you-for-your-time", "situation": "email", "intent": "メールの最後にお礼を書く", "en": "Thank you for your time.", "ja": "お忙しいところありがとうございます。", "register": "polite", "variants": [ { "en": "Thanks in advance.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "email" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "spoken": { "thank you for your time | thanks for your time": 1 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "email・discord の要の部分が MICASE の学生の発話に 3 件未満（最も多い thank you for your time | thanks for your time で 1 件）。Math Stack Exchange の質問で thanks in advance | thank you in advance が 68661 件（3 件以上）なので likely。en の要の部分 thank you for your time | thanks for your time も 3724 件（3 件以上）なので en のまま。", "raised": "2026-10-07" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "email-writing-to-ask", "situation": "email", "intent": "メールの用件を切り出す", "en": "I'm writing to ask about problem 4 on the homework.", "ja": "課題の 4 番についてお伺いしたく、ご連絡しました。", "register": "polite", "variants": [ { "en": "I have a question about problem 4 on the homework.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "email" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "spoken": { "i have a question about | i had a question about": 16 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "evaluate-critically", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "推論や結論が正しいかを批判的に検討させる", "en": "Do you agree with this reasoning? Why or why not?", "ja": "この考え方は正しいと思いますか。理由も説明してください。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "Critique the reasoning.", "register": "written", "note": "Common Core の数学的実践 3（Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others）の言い方。" }, { "en": "Does this conclusion hold up?", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "reasoning", "asking-the-class" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" }, { "type": "reference", "title": "Common Core State Standards for Mathematics: Standards for Mathematical Practice", "url": "https://www.thecorestandards.org/Math/Practice/", "note": "MP3 Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others（variant の Critique the reasoning. の言い方。2026-10-07 に確かめた）" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "sources": [], "counted": "2026-09-26" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-human-settled", "note": "en は人間が決めた（Do you agree with this reasoning? Why or why not?。ユーザーの決定 3（監査 12 の前。監査 11 の人間レビュー行き））。用例コーパスの講義と MICASE の教員の発話には agree … why or why not も explain your reasoning も出てこない（Khan Academy の字幕も 0 件）。IM は Do you agree with …? Explain your reasoning. の形で問う（DECISIONS）。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-10-07" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "exam-ask-can-i-write-on-the-back", "situation": "exam", "intent": "答案用紙の裏に書いてよいか聞く", "en": "Can I write on the back?", "ja": "裏に書いてもいいですか。", "register": "neutral", "tags": [ "exam", "asking" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "spoken": { "write on the back | use the back": 1 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-human-settled", "note": "文は人間が決めた（2026-09-26。docs/DECISIONS.md「Phase 3 慣習差 2 の前の修正」の 2）: 「Can I write on the back?」。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-26" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "exam-ask-how-much-time", "situation": "exam", "intent": "試験の残り時間を聞く", "en": "How much time do we have left?", "ja": "あと何分ありますか。", "register": "neutral", "tags": [ "exam", "asking", "time" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "spoken": { "how much time is left | how much time do we have | how much time left | how many minutes": 2 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-human-settled", "note": "文は人間が決めた（2026-09-26。docs/DECISIONS.md「Phase 3 慣習差 2 の前の修正」の 2）: 「How much time do we have left?」。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-26" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "exam-ask-scratch-paper", "situation": "exam", "intent": "試験中に計算用紙をもらう", "en": "Could I have another sheet of scratch paper?", "ja": "計算用紙をもう 1 枚いただけますか。", "register": "polite", "variants": [ { "en": "Can I get some more paper?", "register": "neutral" }, { "en": "Can I get another piece of scratch paper?", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "exam", "asking" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-08", "evidence": { "spoken": { "more paper": 1, "another piece of scratch paper | another piece of paper": 1 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-10-08" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-human-settled", "note": "en は人間が決めた（Could I have another sheet of scratch paper? のまま。variants に Can I get another piece of scratch paper?。ユーザーの決定 3（監査 13 の前。監査 12 の人間レビュー行き））。計算用紙を頼む言い方は MICASE の学生の発話にも Math Stack Exchange の質問にも 3 件に届かない（DECISIONS）。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-10-08" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-08", "human": null } }, { "id": "exam-ask-typo", "situation": "exam", "intent": "試験中に問題文の誤植を確認する", "en": "Should this be f(2) instead of f(3)?", "ja": "ここは f(3) ではなく f(2) ではありませんか。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "Is there a typo in number 4?", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "exam", "asking" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "spoken": { "should this be | should that be": 3, "a typo | typo in": 3 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（MICASE の学生の発話で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。話者のコーパスで首位の要の部分 should this be | should that be（3 件。3 件以上）。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-10-07" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "exam-box-your-answer", "situation": "exam", "intent": "問題文の「最終的な答えを丸（四角）で囲め」", "en": "Circle your final answer.", "ja": "最終的な答えを丸（四角）で囲め。", "register": "written", "variants": [ { "en": "Box your answer.", "register": "written" } ], "tags": [ "exam", "instructions" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "sources": [], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-human-settled", "note": "文は人間が決めた（2026-09-26。docs/DECISIONS.md「Phase 3 慣習差 2 の前の修正」の 2）: 「Circle your final answer.」 ／ 「Box your answer.」。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-26" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "exam-calculator-allowed", "situation": "exam", "intent": "試験で電卓を使えるかどうかを伝える", "en": "You may use a calculator on this part.", "ja": "この部分は電卓使用可（不可）です。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "Calculator not permitted", "register": "written", "note": "試験の冊子の表示。AP Calculus の CED は試験の区分の表と問題例の見出しにこう書く（目次を含めて 6 件）。" } ], "tags": [ "exam", "calculator" ], "notes": [ "AP Calculus の CED は試験の区分を、Section I の Part A「Graphing calculator not permitted」・Part B「Graphing calculator required」、Section II の Part A「Graphing calculator required」・Part B「Graphing calculator not permitted」と呼ぶ。" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" }, { "type": "reference", "title": "College Board, AP Calculus AB and BC Course and Exam Description (Effective Fall 2020)", "url": "https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/media/pdf/ap-calculus-ab-and-bc-course-and-exam-description.pdf", "note": "exam（Calculator Not Permitted の表示）" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "spoken": { "may use a calculator | calculators are allowed | calculator is allowed | can use a calculator | can use your calculator | calculator active": 1 }, "sources": [ "khan-ap-calc" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-human-settled", "note": "文は人間が決めた（2026-09-26。docs/DECISIONS.md「Phase 3 慣習差 2 の前の修正」の 2）: 「You may use a calculator on this part.」 ／ 「Calculator not permitted」。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-26" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "exam-clarify-instruction", "situation": "exam", "intent": "試験中に、問題文の指示の意味を確認する", "en": "What do you mean by \"simplify\" here?", "ja": "ここでの simplify はどういう意味ですか。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "When it says \"simplify,\" do you want us to rationalize the denominator?", "register": "polite" }, { "en": "Are we supposed to rationalize the denominator?", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "asking", "instructions" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "spoken": { "what do you mean by": 10, "do you want us to": 8, "are we supposed to": 8 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "exam-describe-the-distribution", "situation": "exam", "intent": "問題文の「分布を述べよ」（形・中心・散らばり）", "en": "Describe the distribution.", "ja": "分布の特徴を述べよ。", "register": "written", "variants": [ { "en": "Describe the shape, center, and variability of the distribution.", "register": "written", "note": "AP Statistics の CED の言い方（shape, center, and variability）。" } ], "tags": [ "exam", "instructions", "statistics" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" }, { "type": "reference", "title": "College Board, AP Statistics Course and Exam Description (Effective Fall 2026)", "url": "https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/media/pdf/ap-statistics-course-and-exam-description.pdf", "note": "Unit 1（shape, center, and variability）" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "written": { "describe the distribution | describe the shape of the distribution": 8 }, "sources": [ "openstax-calculus", "openstax-introstats" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（書き言葉のコーパスと参照で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。話者のコーパスで首位の要の部分 describe the distribution | describe the shape of the distribution（8 件。3 件以上）。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-10-07" } ], "notes": [ "AP Statistics の CED（Unit 1）は、量的変数の分布を述べるときは形・中心・散らばり（shape, center, and variability）と、外れ値のような目立つ特徴を述べるとする。" ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "exam-determine-whether", "situation": "exam", "intent": "問題文の「〜かどうか判定せよ」", "en": "Determine whether the series converges or diverges.", "ja": "この級数が収束するか発散するか判定せよ。", "register": "written", "variants": [ { "en": "Determine if the series converges or diverges.", "register": "written" }, { "en": "Decide whether the series converges or diverges.", "register": "written" }, { "en": "Tell whether the series converges or diverges.", "register": "written" } ], "tags": [ "exam", "instructions" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "written": { "determine whether": 612, "decide whether": 39, "determine if": 267, "tell whether": 4 }, "sources": [ "mit-notes", "openstax-algtrig", "openstax-calculus", "openstax-elemalg", "openstax-intalg", "openstax-introstats", "openstax-prealgebra", "openstax-precalculus" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "exam-exact-form", "situation": "exam", "intent": "問題文の「正確な値で答えよ」", "en": "Give the exact value, not a decimal approximation.", "ja": "近似値ではなく、正確な値で答えよ。", "register": "written", "variants": [ { "en": "Leave your answer in exact form.", "register": "written" } ], "tags": [ "exam", "instructions" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "written": { "the exact value | an exact value | exact answer": 117, "in exact form | exact form": 18 }, "sources": [ "mit-notes", "openstax-algtrig", "openstax-calculus", "openstax-elemalg", "openstax-intalg", "openstax-introstats", "openstax-prealgebra", "openstax-precalculus" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "exam-explain-your-reasoning", "situation": "exam", "intent": "問題文の「考え方を説明せよ」", "en": "Explain your reasoning.", "ja": "考え方を説明せよ。", "register": "written", "variants": [ { "en": "Explain how you know.", "register": "written" } ], "tags": [ "exam", "instructions" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "written": { "explain your reasoning": 23, "explain how you know": 3 }, "sources": [ "openstax-algtrig", "openstax-calculus", "openstax-elemalg", "openstax-intalg", "openstax-prealgebra" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "exam-express-in-terms-of", "situation": "exam", "intent": "問題文の「〜を…の式で表せ」", "en": "Express y in terms of x.", "ja": "y を x の式で表せ。", "register": "written", "variants": [ { "en": "Write your answer in terms of x.", "register": "written" } ], "tags": [ "exam", "instructions" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "written": { "write … in terms of": 42, "express … in terms of": 51 }, "sources": [ "mit-notes", "openstax-algtrig", "openstax-calculus", "openstax-intalg", "openstax-introstats", "openstax-precalculus" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "exam-indicate-units", "situation": "exam", "intent": "問題文の「単位をつけて答えよ」", "en": "Include units in your answer.", "ja": "単位をつけて答えよ。", "register": "written", "variants": [ { "en": "Indicate units of measure.", "register": "written", "note": "AP Calculus の CED の問題例の指示。" }, { "en": "Use appropriate units.", "register": "written" } ], "tags": [ "exam", "instructions", "units" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" }, { "type": "reference", "title": "College Board, AP Calculus AB and BC Course and Exam Description (Effective Fall 2020)", "url": "https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/media/pdf/ap-calculus-ab-and-bc-course-and-exam-description.pdf", "note": "exam（問題例の指示 Indicate units of measure.）" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-08", "evidence": { "written": { "include units | include the units": 7, "appropriate units !conversions | !the correct units": 5 }, "sources": [ "openstax-algtrig", "openstax-calculus", "openstax-introstats", "openstax-prealgebra" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（書き言葉のコーパスと参照で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。話者のコーパスで首位の要の部分 include units | include the units（7 件。3 件以上）。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-10-07" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-08", "human": null } }, { "id": "exam-interpret-in-context", "situation": "exam", "intent": "問題文の「状況に即して意味を説明せよ」", "en": "Interpret the meaning of f′(5) in context.", "ja": "f′(5) の意味を、問題の状況に即して説明せよ。", "register": "written", "variants": [ { "en": "Interpret the meaning of f′(5) in the context of the problem.", "register": "written" } ], "tags": [ "exam", "instructions" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "written": { "in the context of the problem | in the context of this problem": 9, "in context": 14 }, "sources": [ "openstax-algtrig", "openstax-calculus", "openstax-elemalg", "openstax-introstats", "openstax-precalculus" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "exam-is-it-curved", "situation": "exam", "intent": "試験の得点調整（カーブ）があるか聞く", "en": "Is the exam curved?", "ja": "この試験は得点調整（カーブ）がありますか。", "register": "neutral", "tags": [ "exam", "asking", "grading" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "sources": [], "counted": "2026-09-26" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-human-settled", "note": "文は人間が決めた（2026-09-26。docs/DECISIONS.md「Phase 3 慣習差 2 の前の修正」の 2）: 「Is the exam curved?」。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-26" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "exam-justify-your-answer", "situation": "exam", "intent": "問題文の「理由を述べよ」", "en": "Justify your answer.", "ja": "理由を述べよ。", "register": "written", "variants": [ { "en": "Give a reason for your answer.", "register": "written", "note": "AP Calculus の CED は Give a reason for … を Explain の問いの言い方とし、Justify には定義・定理・判定法を挙げ、当てはまる理由を言って当てはめることを求める（Exam Information の Task Verbs）。" } ], "tags": [ "exam", "instructions" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" }, { "type": "reference", "title": "College Board, AP Calculus AB and BC Course and Exam Description (Effective Fall 2020)", "url": "https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/media/pdf/ap-calculus-ab-and-bc-course-and-exam-description.pdf", "note": "exam（Give a reason for）" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "written": { "justify your answer": 41 }, "sources": [ "openstax-algtrig", "openstax-calculus", "openstax-introstats" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "exam-label-your-axes", "situation": "exam", "intent": "問題文の「軸に名前と目盛りを書け」", "en": "Label and scale the axes.", "ja": "軸に名前と目盛りを書け。", "register": "written", "variants": [ { "en": "Label the axes.", "register": "written", "note": "軸の名前（変数と単位）を書かせる指示で、目盛りは言わない。IM Grade 8（4.12）は label the axes and decide on an appropriate scale と、目盛りを別に指示する。" } ], "tags": [ "exam", "instructions", "graphs" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" }, { "type": "reference", "title": "Illustrative Mathematics, IM 6–8 Math (Grade 8)", "url": "https://im.kendallhunt.com/MS/students/index.html", "note": "4.12 Systems of Equations（label the axes and decide on an appropriate scale。variants[0].note）" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-08", "evidence": { "written": { "label the axes !intercepts | label your axes | label each axis": 8, "label and scale": 16 }, "sources": [ "openstax-algtrig", "openstax-intalg", "openstax-introstats" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-08", "human": null } }, { "id": "exam-multiple-choice-and-free-response", "situation": "exam", "intent": "試験の構成（選択問題と記述問題）を説明する", "en": "The exam has a multiple-choice section and a free-response section.", "ja": "試験は選択問題と記述問題に分かれています。", "register": "neutral", "tags": [ "exam", "format" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "spoken": { "multiple-choice section | multiple choice section | multiple choice part | free-response section | free response section | free response part": 4 }, "sources": [ "khan-ap-calc", "khan-ap-stats" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（講義のコーパスと MICASE の教員の発話で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。話者のコーパスで首位の要の部分 multiple-choice section | multiple choice section | multiple choice part | free-response section | free response section | free response part（4 件。3 件以上）。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-10-07" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "exam-notes-allowed", "situation": "exam", "intent": "試験に持ち込めるものを伝える", "en": "You can bring one sheet of notes, front and back.", "ja": "ノート 1 枚（両面）まで持ち込みできます。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "You're allowed a cheat sheet.", "register": "casual" } ], "notes": [ "crib sheet とも言う（MIT 6.042）。" ], "tags": [ "exam", "rules" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-08", "evidence": { "sources": [], "counted": "2026-09-26" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-human-settled", "note": "en は人間が決めた（You can bring one sheet of notes, front and back.。variants に You're allowed a cheat sheet.。ユーザーの決定 3（監査 13 の前。監査 12 の人間レビュー行き））。試験に持ち込むものを伝える言い方は講義のコーパスと MICASE の教員の発話に 3 件に届かない（DECISIONS）。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-10-08" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-08", "human": null } }, { "id": "exam-partial-credit", "situation": "exam", "intent": "部分点があるので書けるところは書くよう促す", "en": "Show your work — you can get partial credit.", "ja": "途中の式も書きなさい。部分点があります。", "register": "neutral", "tags": [ "exam", "grading" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "spoken": { "partial credit": 1 }, "sources": [ "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-human-settled", "note": "文は人間が決めた（2026-09-26。docs/DECISIONS.md「Phase 3 慣習差 2 の前の修正」の 2）: 「Show your work — you can get partial credit.」。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-26" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "exam-pencils-down", "situation": "exam", "intent": "試験の終了を告げる", "en": "Time's up. Pencils down.", "ja": "時間です。筆記用具を置いてください。", "register": "neutral", "tags": [ "exam", "time" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "spoken": { "time's up | time is up | pencils down | pens down": 2 }, "sources": [ "mit-18.06", "mit-6.042" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-human-settled", "note": "文は人間が決めた（2026-09-26。docs/DECISIONS.md「Phase 3 慣習差 2 の前の修正」の 2）: 「Time's up. Pencils down.」。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-26" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "exam-set-up-but-do-not-evaluate", "situation": "exam", "intent": "問題文の「式を立てるだけでよい（計算しなくてよい）」", "en": "Set up, but do not evaluate, an integral for the volume.", "ja": "体積を表す積分の式を立てよ。ただし、計算はしなくてよい。", "register": "written", "variants": [ { "en": "Write, but do not evaluate, an integral expression that gives the area of R.", "register": "written" } ], "tags": [ "exam", "instructions", "integrals" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "written": { "do not evaluate | don't evaluate": 7 }, "sources": [ "openstax-algtrig", "openstax-calculus" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（書き言葉のコーパスと参照で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。話者のコーパスで首位の要の部分 do not evaluate | don't evaluate（7 件。3 件以上）。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-10-07" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "exam-show-that", "situation": "exam", "intent": "問題文の「〜であることを示せ」", "en": "Show that f has a zero on [0, 1].", "ja": "f が [0, 1] に零点をもつことを示せ。", "register": "written", "tags": [ "exam", "instructions" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "written": { "show that": 635 }, "sources": [ "mit-notes", "openstax-algtrig", "openstax-calculus", "openstax-elemalg", "openstax-intalg", "openstax-introstats", "openstax-prealgebra", "openstax-precalculus" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "exam-show-your-work", "situation": "exam", "intent": "問題文の「途中の過程も書け」", "en": "Show your work.", "ja": "途中の過程も書け。", "register": "written", "variants": [ { "en": "Show the work that leads to your answer.", "register": "written", "note": "AP Calculus の CED の問題の指示（8 件）。" }, { "en": "Answers without supporting work will receive no credit.", "register": "written" } ], "tags": [ "exam", "instructions" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" }, { "type": "reference", "title": "College Board, AP Calculus AB and BC Course and Exam Description (Effective Fall 2020)", "url": "https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/media/pdf/ap-calculus-ab-and-bc-course-and-exam-description.pdf", "note": "exam（Show the work that leads to your answer.）" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "written": { "show your work | show all your work | show all work": 14 }, "sources": [ "openstax-algtrig", "openstax-calculus", "openstax-elemalg", "openstax-introstats", "openstax-prealgebra" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "exam-simplest-form", "situation": "exam", "intent": "問題文の「最も簡単な形で答えよ」", "en": "Write your answer in simplest form.", "ja": "最も簡単な形で答えよ。", "register": "written", "variants": [ { "en": "Express your answer as a fraction in lowest terms.", "register": "written" } ], "tags": [ "exam", "instructions", "fractions" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "written": { "in simplest form | simplest form !of": 28, "in lowest terms": 12 }, "sources": [ "mit-notes", "openstax-algtrig", "openstax-elemalg", "openstax-intalg", "openstax-prealgebra" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "exam-three-decimal-places", "situation": "exam", "intent": "問題文の「小数第 3 位まで答えよ」", "en": "Round your answer to three decimal places.", "ja": "（電卓問題）答えは小数第 4 位を四捨五入して、小数第 3 位まで求めよ。", "register": "written", "variants": [ { "en": "Give your answer correct to three decimal places.", "register": "written" }, { "en": "Your answer should be accurate to three places after the decimal point.", "register": "written", "note": "three places after the decimal point は AP Calculus の CED（Unit 2 の概要）の言い方。CED は四捨五入か切り捨て（rounding or truncating）で小数第 3 位までにすると書く。" } ], "tags": [ "exam", "instructions", "calculator" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" }, { "type": "reference", "title": "College Board, AP Calculus AB and BC Course and Exam Description (Effective Fall 2020)", "url": "https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/media/pdf/ap-calculus-ab-and-bc-course-and-exam-description.pdf", "note": "Unit 2 の概要（places after the decimal point）" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "written": { "round to three decimal places | round … to three decimal places | rounded to three decimal places": 39, "correct to three decimal places | accurate to three decimal places | correct to three places": 2 }, "sources": [ "openstax-algtrig", "openstax-calculus", "openstax-intalg", "openstax-introstats", "openstax-prealgebra" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "exam-time-remaining", "situation": "exam", "intent": "試験の残り時間を知らせる", "en": "You have 10 minutes left.", "ja": "残り 10 分です。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "Ten minutes remaining.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "exam", "time" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "spoken": { "minutes left": 12 }, "sources": [ "micase", "mit-18.01", "mit-18.03", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "exam-use-the-table-to-approximate", "situation": "exam", "intent": "問題文の「表のデータを用いて近似値を求めよ」", "en": "Use the table to approximate W′(12).", "ja": "表のデータを用いて W′(12) の近似値を求めよ。", "register": "written", "variants": [ { "en": "Use the data in the table to approximate W′(12).", "register": "written", "note": "AP Calculus の CED の FRQ（Question 1）の問題文の言い方。" } ], "tags": [ "exam", "instructions", "tables" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" }, { "type": "reference", "title": "College Board, AP Calculus AB and BC Course and Exam Description (Effective Fall 2020)", "url": "https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/media/pdf/ap-calculus-ab-and-bc-course-and-exam-description.pdf", "note": "exam（Use the data in the table to …）" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "written": { "use the table to | using the table": 30 }, "sources": [ "openstax-algtrig", "openstax-calculus", "openstax-elemalg", "openstax-introstats" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "exam-when-do-we-get-it-back", "situation": "exam", "intent": "テストの返却時期を聞く", "en": "When will we get the exams back?", "ja": "テストはいつ返却されますか。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "When are we getting our midterms back?", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "exam", "asking" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "sources": [], "counted": "2026-09-26" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（MICASE の学生の発話で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。MICASE の学生の発話では首位が 3 件未満（0 件）。Math Stack Exchange の質問で最も多い要の部分 exam back | test back（22 件。3 件以上）なので使われている。en の要の部分 exam back | test back も 22 件（3 件以上）なので en のまま。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-10-07" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "exam-which-of-the-following", "situation": "exam", "intent": "選択問題の「次のうち〜を選べ」", "en": "Which of the following is true?", "ja": "次のうち正しいものを選べ。", "register": "written", "variants": [ { "en": "Which of the following could be the graph of f?", "register": "written" } ], "tags": [ "exam", "instructions", "multiple-choice" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "written": { "which of the following": 54 }, "sources": [ "mit-notes", "openstax-algtrig", "openstax-calculus", "openstax-elemalg", "openstax-introstats", "openstax-prealgebra" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "exam-write-an-equation-for-the-tangent-line", "situation": "exam", "intent": "問題文の「接線の方程式を求めよ」", "en": "Find the equation of the tangent line at x = 2.", "ja": "x = 2 における y = f(x) の接線の方程式を求めよ。", "register": "written", "variants": [ { "en": "Write an equation for the line tangent to the graph of f at x = 2.", "register": "written" } ], "tags": [ "exam", "instructions", "derivatives" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "written": { "equation of the tangent line | equation for the tangent line": 57, "equation for the line tangent to | equation of the line tangent to": 10 }, "sources": [ "mit-notes", "openstax-calculus", "openstax-precalculus" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "explaining-solution-another-way", "situation": "explaining-solution", "intent": "別の解き方もあると示す", "en": "You could also complete the square.", "ja": "平方完成して解くこともできます。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "Another way to do it is to complete the square.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "explaining", "strategy" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "you could also": 137, "another way to do | another way of doing": 30 }, "sources": [ "khan-algebra", "khan-ap-calc", "khan-ap-stats", "khan-middle", "micase", "mit-18.01", "mit-18.02", "mit-18.03", "mit-18.06", "mit-6.042", "yt:3blue1brown", "yt:blackpenredpen", "yt:nancypi", "yt:organicchem", "yt:patrickjmt", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "explaining-solution-by-symmetry", "situation": "explaining-solution", "intent": "対称性を使ったと説明する", "en": "By symmetry, the other half is the same, so I just doubled it.", "ja": "対称性から残りの半分も同じなので、2 倍しました。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "Since it's symmetric, I found one half and doubled it.", "register": "casual" } ], "tags": [ "explaining", "strategy" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "since it's symmetric | because it's symmetric | since it is symmetric | because it is symmetric": 3, "by symmetry": 9 }, "sources": [ "khan-ap-calc", "micase", "mit-18.01", "mit-18.02", "mit-6.042", "yt:3blue1brown" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（講義のコーパスと MICASE 全体で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。話者のコーパスで首位の要の部分 by symmetry（9 件。3 件以上）。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-28" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "explaining-solution-checked-the-endpoints", "situation": "explaining-solution", "intent": "区間の端点の値も調べたと言う", "en": "I also checked the endpoints.", "ja": "端点での値も調べました。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "I plugged in the endpoints too.", "register": "casual" } ], "tags": [ "explaining", "extrema" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "check … endpoints | check … end points | check the endpoint | check the end point": 9, "plug in the endpoints | plugged in the endpoints | plug in the end points | plugged in the end points | plug in the end point | evaluate at the endpoints | evaluated at the endpoints": 5 }, "sources": [ "mit-18.01", "mit-18.02", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（講義のコーパスと MICASE 全体で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。話者のコーパスで首位の要の部分 check … endpoints | check … end points | check the endpoint | check the end point（9 件。3 件以上）。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-28" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "explaining-solution-derivative-equal-to-zero", "situation": "explaining-solution", "intent": "導関数を 0 とおいて臨界点を求めたと説明する", "en": "I found the critical points by setting the derivative equal to zero.", "ja": "微分して 0 とおき、臨界点を求めました。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "I took the derivative and set it equal to zero.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "explaining", "derivatives" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "find the critical points | found the critical points": 21, "derivative and set it equal to | derivative and set it to | set the derivative equal to | set the derivative to | derivative equal to zero": 17 }, "sources": [ "khan-ap-calc", "micase", "mit-18.01", "mit-18.02", "mit-18.03", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "explaining-solution-drew-a-picture", "situation": "explaining-solution", "intent": "まず図やグラフを描いたと説明する", "en": "I started by drawing a picture.", "ja": "まず図を描きました。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "I sketched the graph to see what was going on.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "explaining", "graphs" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "draw a picture | drew a picture | draw a diagram | drew a diagram | draw a figure | drew a figure": 111, "sketch the graph | sketch a graph | draw the graph | draw a graph | drew the graph | drew a graph": 40 }, "sources": [ "khan-algebra", "khan-ap-calc", "khan-ap-stats", "khan-middle", "micase", "mit-18.01", "mit-18.02", "mit-18.03", "mit-18.06", "mit-6.042", "yt:3blue1brown", "yt:blackpenredpen", "yt:organicchem", "yt:patrickjmt", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "explaining-solution-factored-and-set-to-zero", "situation": "explaining-solution", "intent": "因数分解して、各因数を 0 とおいたと説明する", "en": "I factored it and set each factor equal to zero.", "ja": "因数分解して、それぞれの因数を 0 とおきました。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "Then I used the zero product property.", "register": "neutral", "note": "OpenStax Elementary Algebra・Intermediate Algebra と IM が使う用語。" } ], "tags": [ "explaining", "quadratics" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" }, { "type": "textbook", "title": "OpenStax Elementary Algebra 2e", "note": "7.6 Quadratic Equations（Zero Product Property。variants[0].note）" }, { "type": "textbook", "title": "OpenStax Intermediate Algebra 2e", "note": "6.5 Polynomial Equations（Zero Product Property。variants[0].note）" }, { "type": "reference", "title": "Illustrative Mathematics, IM 9–12 Math", "url": "https://im.kendallhunt.com/HS/students/index.html", "note": "Algebra 1 7.4 Solving Quadratic Equations with the Zero Product Property（variants[0].note）" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "zero product property | zero-product property | zero product rule": 8, "each factor equal to zero | each factor equal to 0 | each factor to zero | set each factor | each factor is equal to zero": 13 }, "sources": [ "yt:nancypi", "yt:organicchem", "yt:patrickjmt", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "explaining-solution-first-step", "situation": "explaining-solution", "intent": "自分の解き方を、順を追って説明し始める", "en": "First I set the two expressions equal, then I solved for x and checked the answer.", "ja": "まず 2 つの式を等号で結んで、x について解いて、最後に答えを確かめました。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "What I did was set them equal and solve for x.", "register": "casual" } ], "tags": [ "explaining", "sequence" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "!the !at first i": 102, "what i did was": 12 }, "sources": [ "khan-ap-calc", "khan-ap-stats", "khan-middle", "micase", "mit-18.01", "mit-18.02", "mit-18.03", "mit-18.06", "mit-6.042", "yt:3blue1brown", "yt:blackpenredpen", "yt:nancypi", "yt:organicchem", "yt:patrickjmt", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "explaining-solution-flipped-the-inequality", "situation": "explaining-solution", "intent": "負の数で割ったので不等号の向きを変えたと説明する", "en": "I divided by a negative, so I flipped the inequality sign.", "ja": "負の数で割ったので、不等号の向きを逆にしました。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "Dividing by a negative switches the inequality.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "explaining", "inequality" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "flip the inequality | flip the inequality sign | flip the sign of the inequality | flip the direction of the inequality": 3, "switch the inequality | reverse the inequality | switch the direction of the inequality | reverse the direction of the inequality | switch the sign of the inequality": 3 }, "sources": [ "khan-algebra", "khan-ap-calc", "khan-middle", "yt:nancypi", "yt:patrickjmt" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（講義のコーパスと MICASE 全体で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。話者のコーパスで首位の要の部分 flip the inequality | flip the inequality sign | flip the sign of the inequality | flip the direction of the inequality（3 件。3 件以上）。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-28" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "explaining-solution-im-assuming", "situation": "explaining-solution", "intent": "解法の前提（仮定）を述べる", "en": "I'm assuming the speed is constant.", "ja": "速さが一定だと仮定しています。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "This only works if the speed is constant.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "explaining", "assumptions" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "only works if | only work if": 15, "i'm assuming | i am assuming | we're assuming | we are assuming": 223 }, "sources": [ "khan-algebra", "khan-ap-calc", "khan-ap-stats", "khan-middle", "micase", "mit-18.01", "mit-18.02", "mit-18.03", "mit-18.06", "mit-6.042", "yt:3blue1brown", "yt:patrickjmt", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "explaining-solution-in-context", "situation": "explaining-solution", "intent": "求めた値が問題の状況で何を意味するかを述べる", "en": "So this means the tank is draining at 3 liters per minute at t = 5.", "ja": "つまり、t = 5 のとき水槽の水は毎分 3 リットルの割合で減っているということです。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "In context, that means the tank is losing 3 liters per minute.", "register": "neutral", "note": "AP Calculus と AP Statistics の CED は、記述問題で答えの意味を問題の状況に即して（単位も付けて）説明することを求める（in context）。" } ], "tags": [ "explaining", "context" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" }, { "type": "reference", "title": "College Board, AP Calculus AB and BC Course and Exam Description (Effective Fall 2020)", "url": "https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/media/pdf/ap-calculus-ab-and-bc-course-and-exam-description.pdf", "note": "Topic 4.1 Interpreting the Meaning of the Derivative in Context（in context）・試験の章の記述問題（explain the meaning of R′(5) in the context of the problem）。variants[0].note" }, { "type": "reference", "title": "College Board, AP Statistics Course and Exam Description (Effective Fall 2026)", "url": "https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/media/pdf/ap-statistics-course-and-exam-description.pdf", "note": "試験の章（interpret … in context、justify a conclusion in context）。variants[0].note" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "in context | in the context of the problem | in the context of this problem": 7, "so this means | what this means is": 72 }, "sources": [ "khan-algebra", "khan-ap-calc", "khan-middle", "micase", "mit-18.01", "mit-18.02", "mit-18.03", "mit-6.042", "yt:3blue1brown", "yt:blackpenredpen", "yt:nancypi", "yt:organicchem", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "explaining-solution-isolated-x", "situation": "explaining-solution", "intent": "方程式を x について解いたと説明する", "en": "Then I solved for x.", "ja": "それから x について解きました。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "I got x by itself.", "register": "casual" }, { "en": "Then I isolated x.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "explaining", "equations" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "x by itself | x alone | x all by itself": 45, "solve for x | solved for x": 182, "isolate x | isolate the x | isolate the variable": 21 }, "sources": [ "khan-algebra", "khan-ap-calc", "khan-middle", "micase", "mit-18.01", "mit-18.02", "mit-18.03", "mit-6.042", "yt:3blue1brown", "yt:blackpenredpen", "yt:nancypi", "yt:organicchem", "yt:patrickjmt", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "explaining-solution-let-me-back-up", "situation": "explaining-solution", "intent": "説明の途中で誤りに気づき、少し戻る", "en": "Wait, let me back up — I made a mistake here.", "ja": "ちょっと戻ります。ここで間違えました。", "register": "casual", "variants": [ { "en": "Wait, I take that back.", "register": "casual" } ], "tags": [ "explaining", "mistakes" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "let me back up | let's back up | back up a little | back up a second | back up a step | i made a mistake | made a mistake here": 31, "take that back !up": 11 }, "sources": [ "khan-algebra", "khan-ap-calc", "khan-ap-stats", "khan-middle", "micase", "mit-18.01", "mit-18.02", "mit-18.03", "mit-6.042", "yt:blackpenredpen", "yt:organicchem", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "explaining-solution-let-x-be", "situation": "explaining-solution", "intent": "何を文字 x でおいたかを説明する", "en": "For the width, I just called it x.", "ja": "幅は x とおきました。", "register": "casual", "variants": [ { "en": "I let x be the width of the rectangle.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "explaining", "let" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "call it x | called it x | call that x | call this x": 58, "let x be | let x equal | let x equals | let x represent | let x stand for": 28 }, "sources": [ "khan-algebra", "khan-ap-calc", "khan-ap-stats", "khan-middle", "micase", "mit-18.01", "mit-18.02", "mit-18.03", "mit-18.06", "mit-6.042", "yt:3blue1brown", "yt:blackpenredpen", "yt:nancypi", "yt:organicchem", "yt:patrickjmt", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "explaining-solution-matches-the-other-way", "situation": "explaining-solution", "intent": "別の方法で出した答えと一致したと言う", "en": "I got the same answer as before, so it's probably right.", "ja": "前に（別の方法で）出した答えと同じになったので、たぶん合っています。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "This matches what we got the other way.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "explaining", "checking" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "same answer as before | the same answer as !long | same answer we got | same answer i got": 10 }, "sources": [ "khan-algebra", "khan-middle", "mit-18.01", "mit-18.03", "mit-18.06", "yt:patrickjmt" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "explaining-solution-moved-everything-to-one-side", "situation": "explaining-solution", "intent": "すべての項を片方の辺に移したと説明する", "en": "I moved everything to one side.", "ja": "全部片方の辺に移項しました。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "I got everything on the left side.", "register": "casual" } ], "tags": [ "explaining", "equations" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "everything to one side | everything on one side | all to one side | everything over to one side | all on one side": 12, "everything to the left side | everything over to the left | move everything to the left | everything on the left side": 2 }, "sources": [ "mit-18.03", "mit-6.042", "yt:3blue1brown", "yt:nancypi", "yt:organicchem", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "explaining-solution-multiplied-both-sides", "situation": "explaining-solution", "intent": "両辺に同じ操作をしたことと、それが許される理由を説明する", "en": "I divided both sides by x, which is okay since x isn't zero.", "ja": "両辺を x で割りました。x は 0 ではないので大丈夫です。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "I multiplied both sides by 2.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "explaining", "equations" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "multiply both sides by | multiply both sides": 305, "divide both sides by | divide both sides": 508 }, "sources": [ "khan-algebra", "khan-ap-calc", "khan-ap-stats", "khan-middle", "micase", "mit-18.01", "mit-18.03", "mit-18.06", "mit-6.042", "yt:blackpenredpen", "yt:nancypi", "yt:organicchem", "yt:patrickjmt", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "explaining-solution-not-sure-about-this-step", "situation": "explaining-solution", "intent": "自信のないステップがあると伝える", "en": "I'm not totally sure about this step.", "ja": "このステップにはあまり自信がありません。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "This part might be wrong.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "explaining", "checking" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "i'm not sure about | i'm not totally sure | i'm not really sure | i'm not quite sure | i'm not entirely sure | i'm not a hundred percent sure": 29, "i might be wrong | i could be wrong | i may be wrong | this might be wrong | this could be wrong | that might be wrong | that could be wrong": 6 }, "sources": [ "khan-ap-calc", "khan-middle", "micase", "mit-18.01", "mit-6.042", "yt:3blue1brown" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "explaining-solution-otherwise-contradiction", "situation": "explaining-solution", "intent": "成り立たないと矛盾が出るので成り立つ、と説明する", "en": "If it weren't true, we'd get a contradiction, so it has to be true.", "ja": "もし成り立たないとすると矛盾が出るので、成り立ちます。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "Assuming the opposite leads to a contradiction.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "explaining", "proof" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "leads to a contradiction | lead to a contradiction | leading to a contradiction": 3, "we'd get a contradiction | we get a contradiction | we would get a contradiction | that's a contradiction | get a contradiction": 15 }, "sources": [ "micase", "mit-18.03", "mit-6.042" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "explaining-solution-overall-plan", "situation": "explaining-solution", "intent": "解き方の方針を最初に述べる", "en": "The idea is to find the intersection points first and then integrate.", "ja": "方針としては、まず交点を求めて、それから積分します。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "My plan was to find where the curves meet and then integrate.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "explaining", "strategy" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "the idea is to | the idea here is to | the idea was to | the basic idea is to | the whole idea is to": 26, "my plan was | my plan is | our plan is | the game plan": 3 }, "sources": [ "micase", "mit-18.01", "mit-18.03", "mit-18.06", "mit-6.042", "yt:3blue1brown", "yt:nancypi", "yt:patrickjmt" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "explaining-solution-plugging-back-in", "situation": "explaining-solution", "intent": "求めた値を元の式に代入して確かめたと説明する", "en": "When I plugged it back in, I got 17, so it checks out.", "ja": "元の式に代入すると 17 になるので、合っています。", "register": "casual", "variants": [ { "en": "I substituted it back into the original equation.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "explaining", "checking" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "substitute it back | substitute that back | substitute … back into the original": 20, "plug … back in !what !for | plug back in !what !for | plug … back into": 29 }, "sources": [ "khan-algebra", "khan-ap-calc", "khan-middle", "micase", "mit-18.01", "mit-18.02", "mit-6.042", "yt:3blue1brown", "yt:nancypi", "yt:patrickjmt", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "explaining-solution-rewrote-it-as", "situation": "explaining-solution", "intent": "式を別の形に書き直したと説明する", "en": "I wrote it as (x − 3)² + 1.", "ja": "(x − 3)² + 1 の形に書き直しました。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "I rewrote it as (x − 3)² + 1.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "explaining", "algebra" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "spoken": { "wrote it as | write it as | wrote this as | write this as | wrote that as | write that as": 776, "rewrote it as | rewrite it as | rewrote this as | rewrite this as | rewrote that as | rewrite that as": 233 }, "sources": [ "khan-algebra", "khan-ap-calc", "khan-ap-stats", "khan-middle", "micase", "mit-18.01", "mit-18.02", "mit-18.03", "mit-18.06", "mit-6.042", "yt:3blue1brown", "yt:blackpenredpen", "yt:nancypi", "yt:organicchem", "yt:patrickjmt", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "explaining-solution-rounded-at-the-end", "situation": "explaining-solution", "intent": "途中で丸めず最後に丸めたと言う", "en": "I didn't round until the very end.", "ja": "途中では丸めず、最後に丸めました。", "register": "neutral", "tags": [ "explaining", "rounding" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "round until | rounding until | round at the very end | round at the end | don't round until": 1 }, "sources": [ "mit-18.03" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-human-settled", "note": "文は人間が決めた（2026-09-26。docs/DECISIONS.md「Phase 3 慣習差 2 の前の修正」の 2）: 「I didn't round until the very end.」。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-26" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "explaining-solution-set-up-an-equation", "situation": "explaining-solution", "intent": "問題の条件から方程式を立てたと説明する", "en": "First I wrote an equation from the given information.", "ja": "まず、問題の条件から方程式を立てました。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "I set up an equation from what the problem says.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "explaining", "equations" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "set up an equation | set up the equation | set up equations | set up a system": 18, "write an equation !of | wrote an equation !of | write down an equation | write the equation !of !in !as !this !for": 36 }, "sources": [ "khan-algebra", "khan-ap-calc", "khan-middle", "micase", "mit-18.01", "mit-18.03", "yt:blackpenredpen", "yt:nancypi", "yt:organicchem" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "explaining-solution-so-the-answer-is", "situation": "explaining-solution", "intent": "最終的な答えを述べる", "en": "So the answer is 12.", "ja": "なので、答えは 12 です。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "So I got 12.", "register": "casual" }, { "en": "And that gives us 12.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "explaining", "answers" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "the answer is | our answer is | my answer is | the final answer is": 444 }, "sources": [ "khan-algebra", "khan-ap-calc", "khan-ap-stats", "khan-middle", "micase", "mit-18.01", "mit-18.02", "mit-18.03", "mit-18.06", "mit-6.042", "yt:3blue1brown", "yt:blackpenredpen", "yt:nancypi", "yt:organicchem", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "explaining-solution-that-cant-be-right", "situation": "explaining-solution", "intent": "自分の答えがおかしいと気づいて言う", "en": "Wait, that can't be right — a probability can't be bigger than 1.", "ja": "あれ、おかしい。確率が 1 より大きくなるはずがありません。", "register": "casual", "variants": [ { "en": "Hmm, that doesn't seem right.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "explaining", "checking" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "that can't be right | that cannot be right": 4, "doesn't seem right | does not seem right | !still doesn't look right | does not look right": 4 }, "sources": [ "khan-ap-calc", "khan-ap-stats", "micase", "mit-6.042", "yt:3blue1brown", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（講義のコーパスと MICASE 全体で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。話者のコーパスで首位の要の部分 that can't be right | that cannot be right（4 件。3 件以上）。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-28" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "explaining-solution-that-makes-sense", "situation": "explaining-solution", "intent": "答えが妥当だと理由をつけて確かめる", "en": "That makes sense, because the answer should be a little less than 10.", "ja": "10 より少し小さいはずなので、妥当な答えです。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "That seems reasonable, since it should be a little less than 10.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "explaining", "checking" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "makes sense because | make sense because": 46, "seems reasonable | seem reasonable | sounds reasonable": 25 }, "sources": [ "khan-algebra", "khan-ap-calc", "khan-ap-stats", "khan-middle", "micase", "mit-18.01", "mit-18.02", "mit-18.06", "mit-6.042", "yt:3blue1brown", "yt:organicchem", "yt:patrickjmt", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "explaining-solution-thats-where-it-comes-from", "situation": "explaining-solution", "intent": "ある数や項がどこから出てきたかを示す", "en": "That's where the 2 comes from.", "ja": "その 2 はここから来ています。", "register": "neutral", "tags": [ "explaining", "derivation" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "that's where … comes from | that's where … come from | that is where … comes from | that's where that comes from | that's where it comes from": 42 }, "sources": [ "khan-algebra", "khan-ap-calc", "khan-ap-stats", "khan-middle", "micase", "mit-18.01", "mit-18.03", "mit-18.06", "mit-6.042", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "explaining-solution-the-key-was", "situation": "explaining-solution", "intent": "解き方の要点（ひらめき）を示す", "en": "The key was noticing that the two triangles are similar.", "ja": "2 つの三角形が相似だと気づくのがポイントでした。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "The trick is to see that the triangles are similar.", "register": "casual" } ], "tags": [ "explaining", "strategy" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "the trick is | the trick here is | the trick was | the trick is to": 34, "the key is | the key was | the key here is | the key thing is | the key idea is | the key step is": 85 }, "sources": [ "khan-algebra", "khan-ap-calc", "khan-ap-stats", "khan-middle", "micase", "mit-18.01", "mit-18.02", "mit-18.03", "mit-18.06", "mit-6.042", "yt:3blue1brown", "yt:blackpenredpen", "yt:nancypi", "yt:patrickjmt", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "explaining-solution-these-cancel", "situation": "explaining-solution", "intent": "項が打ち消し合うことを示す", "en": "These two terms cancel out.", "ja": "この項とこの項が打ち消し合います。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "Everything in the middle cancels.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "explaining", "algebra" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "cancel out | cancel each other | cancel with each other": 661, "everything cancels | all cancel | everything in the middle cancels | everything else cancels": 14 }, "sources": [ "khan-algebra", "khan-ap-calc", "khan-ap-stats", "khan-middle", "micase", "mit-18.01", "mit-18.02", "mit-18.03", "mit-18.06", "mit-6.042", "yt:3blue1brown", "yt:blackpenredpen", "yt:nancypi", "yt:patrickjmt", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "explaining-solution-threw-out-a-solution", "situation": "explaining-solution", "intent": "条件に合わない解を除いたと説明する", "en": "I threw out the negative solution because a length can't be negative.", "ja": "長さは負にならないので、負の解は捨てました。", "register": "casual", "variants": [ { "en": "I rejected the negative solution because a length can't be negative.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "explaining", "solutions" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "spoken": { "throw out … solution | threw out … solution | throw away … solution | threw away … solution | throw out … answer | threw out … answer | thrown out as | throw it out !there | threw it out !there": 7 }, "sources": [ "micase", "yt:nancypi" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（講義のコーパスと MICASE 全体で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。話者のコーパスで首位の要の部分 throw out … solution | threw out … solution | throw away … solution | threw away … solution | throw out … answer | threw out … answer | thrown out as | throw it out !there | threw it out !there（7 件。3 件以上）。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-10-07" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "explaining-solution-tried-small-cases", "situation": "explaining-solution", "intent": "まず具体的な数や簡単な場合を試して様子を見たと説明する", "en": "I plugged in some numbers first to get a feel for it.", "ja": "まずいくつか数を代入してみて、感じをつかみました。", "register": "casual", "variants": [ { "en": "I tried a few simple cases first to see what happens.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "explaining", "strategy" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "simple cases | simpler cases | small cases | a few cases": 17, "plug in some numbers | plug in a few | try some numbers | try some values": 19 }, "sources": [ "khan-algebra", "khan-ap-calc", "micase", "mit-18.01", "mit-18.06", "mit-6.042", "yt:3blue1brown", "yt:nancypi", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "explaining-solution-used-a-calculator", "situation": "explaining-solution", "intent": "電卓を使った箇所を説明する", "en": "I used my calculator to get a decimal approximation at the end.", "ja": "最後は電卓で近似値を出しました。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "At the end, I put it into my calculator.", "register": "casual" } ], "tags": [ "explaining", "calculator" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "use a calculator | use my calculator | use your calculator | on my calculator | on your calculator": 127, "into my calculator | into your calculator | into the calculator | into a calculator": 25 }, "sources": [ "khan-algebra", "khan-ap-calc", "khan-ap-stats", "khan-middle", "micase", "mit-18.01", "mit-18.03", "yt:3blue1brown", "yt:blackpenredpen", "yt:nancypi", "yt:organicchem", "yt:patrickjmt", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "explaining-solution-used-the-rule", "situation": "explaining-solution", "intent": "どの公式・法則を使ったかを示す", "en": "I used the chain rule here.", "ja": "ここで合成関数の微分（連鎖律）を使いました。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "Here I applied the product rule.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "explaining", "rules" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "use the … rule | using the … rule": 352, "apply the … rule | applying the … rule": 107 }, "sources": [ "khan-ap-calc", "khan-ap-stats", "khan-middle", "micase", "mit-18.01", "mit-18.02", "mit-18.03", "mit-6.042", "yt:3blue1brown", "yt:blackpenredpen", "yt:nancypi", "yt:organicchem", "yt:patrickjmt", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "explaining-solution-with-units", "situation": "explaining-solution", "intent": "答えを単位つきで述べる", "en": "So the velocity is 4 meters per second.", "ja": "速度は毎秒 4 メートルです。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "The units are meters per second.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "explaining", "units" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "meters per second | feet per second | miles per hour | per second squared": 307, "the units are | the units would be | the units will be | the units are going to be | in units of": 24 }, "sources": [ "khan-algebra", "khan-ap-calc", "khan-middle", "micase", "mit-18.01", "mit-18.03", "yt:3blue1brown", "yt:organicchem", "yt:patrickjmt", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "explaining-solution-worked-backwards", "situation": "explaining-solution", "intent": "示したい式から逆にたどったと説明する", "en": "I worked backwards from what we want to show.", "ja": "示したい式から逆にたどりました。", "register": "neutral", "tags": [ "explaining", "strategy" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "work backwards | work backward | working backwards | working backward | worked backwards": 19 }, "sources": [ "khan-algebra", "micase", "mit-18.01", "mit-6.042", "yt:organicchem", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "f-double-prime-is-positive", "situation": "written-solution", "intent": "f″(x) > 0 からグラフが下に凸（concave up）だと書く", "en": "Since f″(x) > 0, the graph of f is concave up.", "ja": "f″(x) > 0 より、f のグラフは下に凸である。", "register": "written", "tags": [ "derivatives", "concavity" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" }, { "type": "reference", "title": "College Board, AP Calculus AB and BC Course and Exam Description (Effective Fall 2020)", "url": "https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/media/pdf/ap-calculus-ab-and-bc-course-and-exam-description.pdf", "note": "Topic 5.6（concave up (down)）" }, { "type": "textbook", "title": "OpenStax Calculus Volume 1", "note": "4.5 Derivatives and the Shape of a Graph（concave up。notes）" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "written": { "concave up": 60 }, "sources": [ "mit-notes", "openstax-algtrig", "openstax-calculus" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "notes": [ "「下に凸」は concave up、「上に凸」は concave down（CED topic 5.6、OpenStax Calculus Volume 1 の 4.5 Derivatives and the Shape of a Graph）。「下に凸」を convex downward と直訳しない（用例コーパスと参照に convex downward は出てこない）。" ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "find-the-area-by-integration", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "面積を積分で求めると伝える", "en": "Let's set up an integral for the area.", "ja": "面積は積分で求めます。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "We'll find the area by integrating.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "integration", "area" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "by integrating": 12, "set up an integral | set up the integral": 15 }, "sources": [ "khan-ap-calc", "mit-18.01", "mit-18.02", "mit-18.03", "yt:3blue1brown", "yt:nancypi", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "find-the-intersections-to-get-the-limits", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "2 曲線の交点を求めて、それを積分区間にすると伝える", "en": "First find where the curves intersect — those are your bounds of integration.", "ja": "まず交点を求めて、それを積分区間にします。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "Set them equal to get the bounds.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "integration", "area" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "where … intersect": 92, "set them equal | set … equal to each other": 30 }, "sources": [ "khan-algebra", "khan-ap-calc", "khan-ap-stats", "khan-middle", "micase", "mit-18.01", "mit-18.02", "yt:3blue1brown", "yt:nancypi", "yt:organicchem", "yt:patrickjmt", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "find-the-pattern", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "規則性に気づかせる", "en": "Do you see a pattern?", "ja": "何か規則が見えますか？", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "Does anyone notice a pattern?", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "patterns", "asking-the-class" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "see a pattern | see the pattern": 60, "notice a pattern | notice the pattern": 4 }, "sources": [ "khan-algebra", "khan-ap-calc", "khan-middle", "micase", "mit-18.01", "mit-18.02", "mit-18.03", "mit-18.06", "mit-6.042", "yt:nancypi", "yt:organicchem", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "group-study-answer-key-wrong", "situation": "group-study", "intent": "解答が間違っているのではと言う", "en": "I think the answer key might be wrong.", "ja": "解答が間違ってる気がする。", "register": "casual", "variants": [ { "en": "The back of the book says 12, but I keep getting 13.", "register": "casual" } ], "tags": [ "group-study", "answers" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "spoken": { "back of the book": 1 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（MICASE の学生の発話で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。MICASE の学生の発話では首位が 3 件未満（back of the book 1 件）。Math Stack Exchange の質問で最も多い要の部分 the answer key（1150 件。3 件以上）なので使われている。en の要の部分 the answer key も 1150 件（3 件以上）なので en のまま。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-10-07" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "group-study-ask-the-ta", "situation": "group-study", "intent": "TA やオフィスアワーで聞こうと提案する", "en": "Should we ask the TA?", "ja": "TA に聞いてみようか。", "register": "casual", "variants": [ { "en": "Let's ask at office hours.", "register": "casual" } ], "tags": [ "group-study" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "spoken": { "ask at office hours | go to office hours": 2 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（MICASE の学生の発話で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。MICASE の学生の発話では首位が 3 件未満（ask at office hours | go to office hours 2 件）。Math Stack Exchange の質問で最も多い要の部分 ask at office hours | go to office hours（4 件。3 件以上）なので使われている。en の要の部分 ask the ta は 2 件。en は Math Stack Exchange では選ばない。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-10-07" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "group-study-can-i-see-your-notes", "situation": "group-study", "intent": "友達のノートを見せてもらう", "en": "Can I see your notes?", "ja": "ノート見せてもらってもいい？", "register": "casual", "tags": [ "group-study" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "sources": [], "counted": "2026-09-26" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-human-settled", "note": "文は人間が決めた（2026-09-26。docs/DECISIONS.md「Phase 3 慣習差 2 の前の修正」の 2）: 「Can I see your notes?」。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-26" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "group-study-do-you-see-what-i-mean", "situation": "group-study", "intent": "自分の説明が伝わっているか確かめる", "en": "Do you see what I mean?", "ja": "言いたいこと、伝わってる？", "register": "casual", "variants": [ { "en": "Do you know what I'm saying?", "register": "casual" }, { "en": "Does that make sense?", "register": "casual" } ], "tags": [ "group-study", "explaining" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "spoken": { "see what i mean | know what i mean": 101, "know what i'm saying | see what i'm saying": 71, "does that make sense": 25 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "group-study-does-that-mean", "situation": "group-study", "intent": "聞いたことから分かることを確かめる", "en": "Does that mean it's not differentiable at x = 0?", "ja": "ということは、x = 0 では微分できないってこと？", "register": "casual", "variants": [ { "en": "So that means the limit doesn't exist?", "register": "casual" } ], "tags": [ "group-study", "checking" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "spoken": { "!what !exactly !world does that mean | !what !exactly !world does this mean": 14, "so that means": 12 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "group-study-how-did-you-get-that", "situation": "group-study", "intent": "違う答えになったので、相手の解き方を聞く", "en": "I got something different — how did you get that?", "ja": "私は違う答えになった。どうやって出したの？", "register": "casual", "variants": [ { "en": "Can you show me how you got that?", "register": "casual" } ], "tags": [ "group-study", "answers" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "spoken": { "how did you get | how'd you get": 4 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（MICASE の学生の発話で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。話者のコーパスで首位の要の部分 how did you get | how'd you get（4 件。3 件以上）。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-10-07" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "group-study-i-thought-it-was", "situation": "group-study", "intent": "自分の思っていたことと違うと言う", "en": "Wait, I thought it was negative.", "ja": "あれ、答えは負の数だと思ってたんだけど。", "register": "casual", "variants": [ { "en": "I thought you said the answer was 5.", "register": "casual" } ], "tags": [ "group-study", "checking" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "spoken": { "i thought it was | i thought that was": 66, "i thought you": 18 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "group-study-is-that-right", "situation": "group-study", "intent": "自分の答えが合っているか確かめる", "en": "The answer is 3, is that right?", "ja": "答えは 3 で合ってる？", "register": "casual", "variants": [ { "en": "Is it just 2x?", "register": "casual" } ], "tags": [ "group-study", "checking" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-08", "evidence": { "spoken": { "!or is it just": 10, "is that right !here": 14 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-08", "human": null } }, { "id": "group-study-not-sure-but", "situation": "group-study", "intent": "自信がないが自分の考えを言う", "en": "I'm not sure, but I think it's 4.", "ja": "自信ないけど、4 だと思う。", "register": "casual", "variants": [ { "en": "Don't quote me on this, but I think it's 4.", "register": "casual" } ], "tags": [ "group-study", "hedging" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "spoken": { "not sure but": 2 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（MICASE の学生の発話で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。MICASE の学生の発話では首位が 3 件未満（not sure but 2 件）。Math Stack Exchange の質問で最も多い要の部分 not sure but（467 件。3 件以上）なので使われている。en の要の部分 not sure but も 467 件（3 件以上）なので en のまま。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-10-07" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "group-study-oh-that-makes-sense", "situation": "group-study", "intent": "説明を聞いて納得したと伝える", "en": "Oh, I see.", "ja": "あ、なるほど！", "register": "casual", "variants": [ { "en": "Okay, that makes sense.", "register": "casual" } ], "tags": [ "group-study", "understanding" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "spoken": { "oh i see | ohh i see | oh okay i see": 32, "okay that makes sense | yeah that makes sense | oh that makes sense": 6 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "group-study-practice-exam", "situation": "group-study", "intent": "時間を計って模擬試験を解こうと誘う", "en": "Let's do the practice exam under timed conditions.", "ja": "時間を計って模擬試験を解こう。", "register": "casual", "variants": [ { "en": "Let's time ourselves.", "register": "casual" } ], "tags": [ "group-study", "exam" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "sources": [], "counted": "2026-09-26" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（MICASE の学生の発話で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。MICASE の学生の発話では首位が 3 件未満（0 件）。Math Stack Exchange の質問で最も多い要の部分 let's do the practice | let's take the practice | let's do a practice | under timed conditions（3 件。3 件以上）なので使われている。en の要の部分 let's do the practice | let's take the practice | let's do a practice | under timed conditions も 3 件（3 件以上）なので en のまま。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-10-07" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "group-study-quiz-each-other", "situation": "group-study", "intent": "問題を出し合おうと誘う", "en": "Let's quiz each other.", "ja": "問題出し合おう。", "register": "casual", "tags": [ "group-study" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "sources": [], "counted": "2026-09-26" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-human-settled", "note": "文は人間が決めた（2026-09-26。docs/DECISIONS.md「Phase 3 慣習差 2 の前の修正」の 2）: 「Let's quiz each other.」。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-26" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "group-study-so-youre-saying", "situation": "group-study", "intent": "相手の言ったことを言い直して確かめる", "en": "Oh, so we find a common denominator first?", "ja": "つまり、先に通分するってこと？", "register": "casual", "variants": [ { "en": "So you're saying we should find a common denominator first?", "register": "casual" } ], "tags": [ "group-study", "checking" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "spoken": { "oh so": 62, "so you're saying | so you are saying": 19 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "group-study-split-them-up", "situation": "group-study", "intent": "問題を分担しようと提案する", "en": "Let's each do a few and then explain them to each other.", "ja": "何問かずつ分担して、あとで説明し合おう。", "register": "casual", "variants": [ { "en": "Should we split them up?", "register": "casual" }, { "en": "Should we split up the problems?", "register": "casual" } ], "tags": [ "group-study" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-08", "evidence": { "spoken": { "split them up | divide them up": 1 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-10-08" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-human-settled", "note": "en は人間が決めた（Let's each do a few and then explain them to each other. のまま。variants に Should we split up the problems?。ユーザーの決定 3（監査 13 の前。監査 12 の人間レビュー行き））。問題を分担する意味の言い方は MICASE の学生の発話にも Math Stack Exchange の質問にも 3 件に届かない（DECISIONS）。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-10-08" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-08", "human": null } }, { "id": "group-study-what-did-you-get", "situation": "group-study", "intent": "友達に答えを聞く", "en": "What did you get for number 5?", "ja": "5 番、答え何になった？", "register": "casual", "tags": [ "group-study", "answers" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "spoken": { "what did you get | what'd you get": 7 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（MICASE の学生の発話で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。話者のコーパスで首位の要の部分 what did you get | what'd you get（7 件。3 件以上）。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-10-07" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "group-study-what-do-you-mean", "situation": "group-study", "intent": "相手の言ったことの意味を聞き返す", "en": "What do you mean by \"they cancel here\"?", "ja": "「ここで打ち消し合う」ってどういう意味？", "register": "casual", "variants": [ { "en": "What does that mean?", "register": "casual" } ], "tags": [ "group-study", "checking" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "spoken": { "what do you mean": 37, "what does that mean": 17 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "group-study-what-is-it-asking", "situation": "group-study", "intent": "問題が何を聞いているのか分からないと言う", "en": "What is this question even asking?", "ja": "この問題、何を聞いてるの？", "register": "casual", "variants": [ { "en": "What are they asking for here?", "register": "casual" } ], "tags": [ "group-study", "problems" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "sources": [], "counted": "2026-09-26" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（MICASE の学生の発話で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。MICASE の学生の発話では首位が 3 件未満（0 件）。Math Stack Exchange の質問で最も多い要の部分 what is it asking | what's it asking | what is this question asking | what is this question even asking | what is it even asking（53 件。3 件以上）なので使われている。en の要の部分 what is it asking | what's it asking | what is this question asking | what is this question even asking | what is it even asking も 53 件（3 件以上）なので en のまま。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-10-07" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "group-study-where-do-we-start", "situation": "group-study", "intent": "どこから手をつけるか相談する", "en": "Where do we even start with this one?", "ja": "これ、どこから手をつける？", "register": "casual", "variants": [ { "en": "Any ideas for number 7?", "register": "casual" } ], "tags": [ "group-study", "problems" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "spoken": { "!have !has any ideas": 1, "where do we start | where do i start | where to start | where do we even start | where do i even start": 2 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（MICASE の学生の発話で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。MICASE の学生の発話では首位が 3 件未満（where do we start | where do i start | where to start | where do we even start | where do i even start 2 件）。Math Stack Exchange の質問で最も多い要の部分 !have !has any ideas（15320 件。3 件以上）なので使われている。en の要の部分 where do we start | where do i start | where to start | where do we even start | where do i even start も 9398 件（3 件以上）なので en のまま。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-10-07" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "group-study-where-to-meet", "situation": "group-study", "intent": "勉強会の時間と場所を決める", "en": "Do you want to meet at the library at 7?", "ja": "7 時に図書館で会わない？", "register": "casual", "variants": [ { "en": "Does 7 at the library work?", "register": "casual" }, { "en": "Let's meet at the library at 7.", "register": "casual" } ], "tags": [ "group-study" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-08", "evidence": { "spoken": { "you wanna meet | we wanna meet | guys wanna meet | anybody wanna meet | anyone wanna meet | you want to meet | we want to meet | guys want to meet | anybody want to meet | anyone want to meet": 6 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-10-08" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（MICASE の学生の発話で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。話者のコーパスで首位の要の部分 you wanna meet | we wanna meet | guys wanna meet | anybody wanna meet | anyone wanna meet | you want to meet | we want to meet | guys want to meet | anybody want to meet | anyone want to meet（6 件。3 件以上）。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-10-08" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-08", "human": null } }, { "id": "group-study-which-one-do-you-mean", "situation": "group-study", "intent": "相手がどれのことを言っているか確かめる", "en": "Which one? The second equation?", "ja": "どれのこと？ 2 本目の式？", "register": "casual", "variants": [ { "en": "Are you talking about the second equation?", "register": "casual" }, { "en": "Do you mean the second equation?", "register": "casual" } ], "tags": [ "group-study", "checking" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "spoken": { "!what are you talking about": 7, "which one ?": 13, "do you mean the": 1 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "group-study-work-together", "situation": "group-study", "intent": "一緒に勉強しよう（課題をやろう）と誘う", "en": "Do you want to work on the homework together?", "ja": "一緒に課題やらない？", "register": "casual", "variants": [ { "en": "Do you want to work on the problem set together?", "register": "casual", "note": "problem set は大学でよく言う。" }, { "en": "Want to study together for the midterm?", "register": "casual" } ], "tags": [ "group-study" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-08", "evidence": { "sources": [], "counted": "2026-09-26" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-human-settled", "note": "en は人間が決めた（Do you want to work on the homework together?。variants に Do you want to work on the problem set together?（problem set は大学でよく言う）。ユーザーの決定 3（監査 13 の前。監査 12 の人間レビュー行き））。一緒にやろうと誘う言い方は MICASE の学生の発話にも Math Stack Exchange の質問にも 3 件に届かない（DECISIONS）。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-10-08" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-08", "human": null } }, { "id": "group-study-write-up-our-own", "situation": "group-study", "intent": "答案は各自で書く決まりを確認する", "en": "We can talk about the problems, but we have to write up our own solutions.", "ja": "相談はいいけど、答案はそれぞれ自分で書かないといけないよ。", "register": "neutral", "tags": [ "group-study", "academic-integrity" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-08", "evidence": { "sources": [], "counted": "2026-09-26" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-human-settled", "note": "en は人間が決めた（We can talk about the problems, but we have to write up our own solutions. のまま。米国のシラバスの協力の決まりの定番の言い方。ユーザーの決定 3（監査 13 の前。監査 12 の人間レビュー行き））。各自で書く意味の動詞句は MICASE の学生の発話にも Math Stack Exchange の質問にも 3 件に届かない（DECISIONS）。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-10-08" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-08", "human": null } }, { "id": "group-study-you-dropped-a-sign", "situation": "group-study", "intent": "相手の計算ミスを指摘する", "en": "I think you dropped a negative sign.", "ja": "ここ、マイナスが抜けてると思う。", "register": "casual", "variants": [ { "en": "I think you forgot the 2 here.", "register": "casual" } ], "tags": [ "group-study", "mistakes" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "sources": [], "counted": "2026-09-26" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（MICASE の学生の発話で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。MICASE の学生の発話では首位が 3 件未満（0 件）。Math Stack Exchange の質問で最も多い要の部分 dropped a negative | dropped a sign | dropped the negative | forgot the negative | forgot a negative（7 件。3 件以上）なので使われている。en の要の部分 dropped a negative | dropped a sign | dropped the negative | forgot the negative | forgot a negative も 7 件（3 件以上）なので en のまま。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-10-07" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "in-general", "situation": "written-solution", "intent": "一般には成り立たないこと・一般の場合を述べる", "en": "In general, this is not true.", "ja": "一般には、これは成り立たない。", "register": "written", "tags": [ "proof" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "written": { "!ⓑ in general !form": 190 }, "sources": [ "mit-notes", "openstax-algtrig", "openstax-calculus", "openstax-elemalg", "openstax-intalg", "openstax-introstats", "openstax-prealgebra" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "in-order", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "計算を左から順に進めると伝える", "en": "Work from left to right.", "ja": "左から順に計算します。", "register": "neutral", "tags": [ "order-of-operations" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "left to right | from left to right": 51 }, "sources": [ "khan-middle", "micase", "mit-18.01", "mit-18.03", "mit-6.042", "yt:3blue1brown", "yt:organicchem", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "integrate-by-parts-repeatedly", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "部分積分を 2 回使う必要があると伝える", "en": "You'll have to integrate by parts twice.", "ja": "部分積分を 2 回使います。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "Just integrate by parts again.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "integration" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "by parts twice": 8, "by parts again": 2 }, "sources": [ "khan-ap-calc", "mit-18.03", "yt:nancypi" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（講義のコーパスと MICASE の教員の発話で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。話者のコーパスで首位の要の部分 by parts twice（8 件。3 件以上）。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-28" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "integrate-the-inequality", "situation": "written-solution", "intent": "不等式の各辺を積分して、新しい不等式を得る", "en": "Integrating both sides of the inequality from 0 to 1, we get", "ja": "不等式の両辺を 0 から 1 まで積分すると、", "register": "written", "tags": [ "integration", "inequality" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "written": { "integrate both sides | integrate … sides": 20 }, "sources": [ "mit-notes", "openstax-calculus" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "involves-imaginary-numbers", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "2 次方程式の解が実数でなく虚数（複素数）になると伝える", "en": "You get complex roots.", "ja": "解は虚数になります（実数解はありません）。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "You get imaginary solutions.", "register": "neutral" }, { "en": "There are no real solutions.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "quadratics", "complex-numbers" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" }, { "type": "reference", "title": "Illustrative Mathematics, IM 9–12 Math", "url": "https://im.kendallhunt.com/HS/students/index.html", "note": "Algebra 2 3.10（glossary: imaginary number）・3.17・3.19（non-real solutions）。notes" }, { "type": "textbook", "title": "OpenStax Precalculus 2e", "note": "3.1 Complex Numbers（imaginary number: bi。notes）" }, { "type": "textbook", "title": "OpenStax Intermediate Algebra 2e", "note": "8.8 Use the Complex Number System（imaginary number: a + bi, b ≠ 0。notes）" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "complex roots | complex solutions": 53, "imaginary roots | imaginary solutions": 20, "no real solutions | no real roots | no real solution": 2 }, "sources": [ "khan-algebra", "mit-18.03", "mit-6.042", "yt:3blue1brown", "yt:organicchem", "yt:patrickjmt", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "notes": [ "IM Algebra 2 と OpenStax Precalculus は imaginary number を bi の形の数とし（OpenStax Intermediate Algebra は b ≠ 0 の a + bi）、実数でない解をはっきり言うとき IM Algebra 2（3.17・3.19）は non-real solutions と書く（エントリ imaginary-number）。" ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "it-also-holds-for-n-k-1", "situation": "written-solution", "intent": "数学的帰納法で、n = k + 1 のときも成り立つことを示す段階を書く", "en": "Inductive step: we show that the statement also holds for n = k + 1.", "ja": "n = k + 1 のときも成り立つことを示す。", "register": "written", "variants": [ { "en": "Now we show that it is also true for n = k + 1.", "register": "written" } ], "tags": [ "proof", "induction" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "written": { "inductive step | induction step": 44, "also true for": 1 }, "sources": [ "mit-notes", "openstax-prealgebra" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "left-side-minus-right-side", "situation": "written-solution", "intent": "不等式の証明で、左辺から右辺を引いた差を調べる", "en": "Subtract the right side from the left side.", "ja": "左辺から右辺を引く。", "register": "written", "notes": [ "米国の教材（OpenStax・CED・IM・CK-12）に決まった言い方がない。日本の答案の型。" ], "tags": [ "proof", "inequality" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "sources": [], "counted": "2026-09-26" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-human-settled", "note": "要の部分は人間が決めた（2026-09-26。docs/DECISIONS.md「Phase 3 フレーズ 2 の前の修正」の 4）。Subtract the right side from the left side.。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-26" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "let-h-go-to-zero", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "差分商で h を 0 に近づける", "en": "Now take the limit as h approaches zero.", "ja": "では h を 0 に近づけます。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "Now let h go to zero.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "limits", "derivatives" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "as h approaches zero | as h approaches 0": 80, "h goes to zero | h goes to 0 | h go to zero | h go to 0": 12 }, "sources": [ "khan-ap-calc", "yt:3blue1brown", "yt:blackpenredpen", "yt:nancypi", "yt:organicchem", "yt:patrickjmt", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "let-p-be-the-position-vector-of-p", "situation": "written-solution", "intent": "点の位置ベクトルを文字でおく", "en": "Let p be the position vector of P.", "ja": "点 P の位置ベクトルを p とする。", "register": "written", "variants": [ { "en": "Let p = OP⃗.", "register": "written" } ], "tags": [ "vectors", "let" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" }, { "type": "textbook", "title": "OpenStax Calculus Volume 3", "note": "2.5 Equations of Lines and Planes in Space（r₀ = ⟨x₀, y₀, z₀⟩ is the position vector of point P）・2.2 Vectors in Three Dimensions（Let r(t) … be the position vector of a particle）" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "written": { "position vector of": 11 }, "sources": [ "openstax-calculus" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（書き言葉のコーパスと参照で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。話者のコーパスで首位の要の部分 position vector of（11 件。3 件以上）。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-28" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "multiply-by-r-and-subtract", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "等比数列の和を、両辺に r を掛けて引き算して求める", "en": "Multiply both sides by r, then subtract the two equations.", "ja": "両辺に r を掛けて、2 つの式を引き算します。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "Multiply every term by r.", "register": "neutral" }, { "en": "Subtract one equation from the other.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "sequences", "series" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "spoken": { "subtract one equation from the other | subtract the two equations | subtract these two equations": 1, "multiply every term by r | multiply each term by r": 1 }, "sources": [ "khan-ap-calc", "mit-18.01" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-human-settled", "note": "en は人間が決めた（Multiply both sides by r, then subtract the two equations.。ユーザーの決定 3（監査 12 の前。監査 11 の人間レビュー行き））。講義の等比数列の和の導きは multiply every term by r ／ multiply by x … subtract the two equations ／ multiply the sum by x … subtract one from the other と言い方がそろわない（DECISIONS）。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-10-07" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "multiply-by-the-derivative-of-the-inside", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "合成関数の微分で、最後に中身の微分を掛ける", "en": "Then multiply by the derivative of the inside.", "ja": "そして中身の微分を掛けます。", "register": "neutral", "tags": [ "derivatives", "chain-rule" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "derivative of the inside | derivative of the inner": 109 }, "sources": [ "khan-ap-calc", "mit-18.01", "mit-18.02", "yt:3blue1brown", "yt:blackpenredpen", "yt:nancypi", "yt:organicchem", "yt:patrickjmt", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "office-hours-am-i-on-the-right-track", "situation": "office-hours", "intent": "今の方針で合っているかを確かめる", "en": "Am I on the right track?", "ja": "この方針で合っていますか。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "Is this approach going to work?", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "office-hours", "checking" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "will this work | would this work | would that work | will that work | is this going to work | is that going to work": 2, "on the right track | in the right direction | right direction": 2 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（MICASE の学生の発話で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。MICASE の学生の発話では首位が 3 件未満（will this work | would this work | would that work | will that work | is this going to work | is that going to work 2 件）。Math Stack Exchange の質問で最も多い要の部分 on the right track | in the right direction | right direction（4350 件。3 件以上）なので使われている。en の要の部分 on the right track | in the right direction | right direction も 4350 件（3 件以上）なので en のまま。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-28" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "office-hours-can-i-come-back", "situation": "office-hours", "intent": "また行き詰まったら、もう一度来てよいかを聞く", "en": "Can I come back if I get stuck again?", "ja": "また行き詰まったら、もう一度来てもいいですか。", "register": "polite", "tags": [ "office-hours" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "can i come back | could i come back | if i come back | come back later | come back tomorrow | come back next week | stop by again | come by again | come back if": 2 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（MICASE の学生の発話で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。MICASE の学生の発話では首位が 3 件未満（can i come back | could i come back | if i come back | come back later | come back tomorrow | come back next week | stop by again | come by again | come back if 2 件）。Math Stack Exchange の質問で最も多い要の部分 can i come back | could i come back | if i come back | come back later | come back tomorrow | come back next week | stop by again | come by again | come back if（5 件。3 件以上）なので使われている。en の要の部分 can i come back | could i come back | if i come back | come back later | come back tomorrow | come back next week | stop by again | come by again | come back if も 5 件（3 件以上）なので en のまま。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-28" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "office-hours-can-i-show-you-what-i-tried", "situation": "office-hours", "intent": "自分で途中までやったものを見てもらう", "en": "Can I show you what I tried?", "ja": "自分でやったところを見ていただけますか。", "register": "polite", "variants": [ { "en": "Here's what I have so far.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "office-hours", "checking" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "what i have so far | what i've got so far | what i got so far | so far i have | so far i've": 1, "show you what i | what i tried to do | tell you what i did | show you what i did": 1 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（MICASE の学生の発話で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。MICASE の学生の発話では首位が 3 件未満（what i have so far | what i've got so far | what i got so far | so far i have | so far i've 1 件）。Math Stack Exchange の質問で最も多い要の部分 what i have so far | what i've got so far | what i got so far | so far i have | so far i've（12929 件。3 件以上）なので使われている。en の要の部分 show you what i | what i tried to do | tell you what i did | show you what i did も 644 件（3 件以上）なので en のまま。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-28" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "office-hours-do-you-have-a-minute", "situation": "office-hours", "intent": "先生の部屋を訪ねて、今話してよいかを聞く", "en": "Do you have a minute?", "ja": "今少しお時間よろしいですか。", "register": "polite", "variants": [ { "en": "Is now a good time?", "register": "polite" }, { "en": "Do you have a few minutes?", "register": "polite" } ], "tags": [ "office-hours", "greeting" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-09", "evidence": { "sources": [], "counted": "2026-09-26" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-human-settled", "note": "en は人間が決めた（Do you have a minute? のまま。variants に Do you have a few minutes?。ユーザーの決定 3（監査 17 の前。第 1 回の人間レビュー行き））。今話してよいかを聞く言い方は MICASE の学生の発話に 0 件で、Math Stack Exchange の have a minute 3 件のうち相手の時間を求める文は 2 件（DECISIONS）。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-10-09" }, { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（MICASE の学生の発話で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。MICASE の学生の発話では首位が 3 件未満（0 件）。Math Stack Exchange の質問で最も多い要の部分 have a minute | have a second | got a minute | got a second | have a sec（3 件。3 件以上）なので使われている。en の要の部分 have a minute | have a second | got a minute | got a second | have a sec も 3 件（3 件以上）なので en のまま。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-10-09" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-09", "human": null } }, { "id": "office-hours-english-terms-are-new", "situation": "office-hours", "intent": "日本語で習ったので、英語の数学用語に慣れていないと伝える", "en": "I learned this in Japanese, so I'm still getting used to the English terms.", "ja": "日本語で習ったので、英語の数学用語にまだ慣れていません。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "I understand the math, but I don't know the English terms yet.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "office-hours", "vocabulary" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "sources": [], "counted": "2026-09-26" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（MICASE の学生の発話で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。MICASE の学生の発話では首位が 3 件未満（0 件）。Math Stack Exchange の質問で最も多い要の部分 the english terms | english terms | used to the english（43 件。3 件以上）なので使われている。en の要の部分 the english terms | english terms | used to the english も 43 件（3 件以上）なので en のまま。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-28" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "office-hours-extra-practice", "situation": "office-hours", "intent": "練習用の問題や過去の試験があるかを聞く", "en": "Do you have any old exams I could practice with?", "ja": "練習に使える過去の試験はありますか。", "register": "polite", "variants": [ { "en": "Are there any extra practice problems I could do?", "register": "polite" } ], "tags": [ "office-hours", "exam", "practice" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "sources": [], "counted": "2026-09-26" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（MICASE の学生の発話で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。MICASE の学生の発話では首位が 3 件未満（0 件）。Math Stack Exchange の質問で最も多い要の部分 any practice problems | any extra problems | more practice problems | extra practice problems | any extra practice（14 件。3 件以上）なので使われている。en の要の部分 any old exams | have old exams | are there old exams | any practice exams | is there a practice exam | any past exams | any old tests は 0 件。en は Math Stack Exchange では選ばない。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-28" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "office-hours-hint-not-the-answer", "situation": "office-hours", "intent": "答えそのものではなく、ヒントだけほしいと頼む", "en": "Could you give me a hint instead of the answer?", "ja": "答えではなく、ヒントだけいただけますか。", "register": "polite", "variants": [ { "en": "Could you point me in the right direction?", "register": "polite" } ], "tags": [ "office-hours", "hints" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "a hint | any hints | a little hint | some hints": 2 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（MICASE の学生の発話で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。MICASE の学生の発話では首位が 3 件未満（a hint | any hints | a little hint | some hints 2 件）。Math Stack Exchange の質問で最も多い要の部分 a hint | any hints | a little hint | some hints（42142 件。3 件以上）なので使われている。en の要の部分 a hint | any hints | a little hint | some hints も 42142 件（3 件以上）なので en のまま。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-28" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "office-hours-how-to-study", "situation": "office-hours", "intent": "試験に向けた勉強の仕方を相談する", "en": "How would you recommend studying for the midterm?", "ja": "中間試験に向けて、どう勉強すればいいでしょうか。", "register": "polite", "variants": [ { "en": "What's the best way to study for the exam?", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "office-hours", "exam", "studying" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "how to study | how should i study | best way to study | how do i study | recommend studying | what would you recommend": 3 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（MICASE の学生の発話で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。話者のコーパスで首位の要の部分 how to study | how should i study | best way to study | how do i study | recommend studying | what would you recommend（3 件。3 件以上）。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-28" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "office-hours-i-was-wondering", "situation": "office-hours", "intent": "丁寧に頼みごとを切り出す", "en": "I was wondering if you could look over my answer to number 2.", "ja": "2 番の答えを見ていただけないかと思いまして。", "register": "polite", "variants": [ { "en": "I was wondering whether you could take a look at my proof.", "register": "polite" } ], "tags": [ "office-hours", "asking" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "i was wondering if you could | i was wondering if you might | i was wondering if i could": 6, "i was wondering whether": 1 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（MICASE の学生の発話で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。話者のコーパスで首位の要の部分 i was wondering if you could | i was wondering if you might | i was wondering if i could（6 件。3 件以上）。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-28" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "office-hours-intuition", "situation": "office-hours", "intent": "計算は追えるが、直感的な意味が分からないと伝える", "en": "I can follow the algebra, but I don't get the intuition behind it.", "ja": "計算は追えるのですが、直感的な意味が分かりません。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "What's the big picture here?", "register": "casual" } ], "tags": [ "office-hours", "understanding" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "sources": [], "counted": "2026-09-26" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（MICASE の学生の発話で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。MICASE の学生の発話では首位が 3 件未満（0 件）。Math Stack Exchange の質問で最も多い要の部分 the intuition behind | intuition behind | the intuition for | don't get the intuition（6203 件。3 件以上）なので使われている。en の要の部分 the intuition behind | intuition behind | the intuition for | don't get the intuition も 6203 件（3 件以上）なので en のまま。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-28" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "office-hours-is-this-rigorous-enough", "situation": "office-hours", "intent": "自分の証明が十分に厳密かを見てもらう", "en": "Could you look over my proof and tell me if it's rigorous enough?", "ja": "この証明、これで十分厳密か見ていただけますか。", "register": "polite", "variants": [ { "en": "Is this rigorous enough?", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "office-hours", "proof" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "look over my | look at my proof | check my proof | check my work | get it looked over": 1 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（MICASE の学生の発話で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。MICASE の学生の発話では首位が 3 件未満（look over my | look at my proof | check my proof | check my work | get it looked over 1 件）。Math Stack Exchange の質問で最も多い要の部分 look over my | look at my proof | check my proof | check my work | get it looked over（1472 件。3 件以上）なので使われている。en の要の部分 look over my | look at my proof | check my proof | check my work | get it looked over も 1472 件（3 件以上）なので en のまま。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-28" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "office-hours-question-about-homework", "situation": "office-hours", "intent": "宿題の特定の問題について質問しに来たと切り出す", "en": "I had a question about number 3 on the homework.", "ja": "宿題の 3 番について質問があって来ました。", "register": "polite", "variants": [ { "en": "I wanted to ask about problem 3.", "register": "polite" } ], "tags": [ "office-hours", "homework" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "had a question | have a question | got a question | have a couple of questions | had a couple of questions": 78, "wanted to ask | want to ask | wanted to ask you": 6 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "office-hours-regrade", "situation": "office-hours", "intent": "採点を見直してほしいと丁寧に頼む", "en": "I think this might have been graded incorrectly. Could you take another look?", "ja": "採点が間違っているかもしれないのですが、もう一度見ていただけませんか。", "register": "polite", "tags": [ "office-hours", "grading" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "sources": [], "counted": "2026-09-26" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（MICASE の学生の発話で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。MICASE の学生の発話では首位が 3 件未満（0 件）。Math Stack Exchange の質問で最も多い要の部分 another look | regrade | re-grade | look at it again | look at this again | graded wrong | graded incorrectly | grading was wrong | grading error（7 件。3 件以上）なので使われている。en の要の部分 another look | regrade | re-grade | look at it again | look at this again | graded wrong | graded incorrectly | grading was wrong | grading error も 7 件（3 件以上）なので en のまま。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-28" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "office-hours-stuck-at-step", "situation": "office-hours", "intent": "どこで詰まっているかを伝える", "en": "I'm confused about how you got from this line to the next one.", "ja": "この行から次の行にどうやって変形したのかが分かりません。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "I don't see how you got this line.", "register": "neutral" }, { "en": "I don't understand how you got this line.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "asking", "derivation" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "i'm confused | i am confused": 10, "i don't understand how | i do not understand how": 5, "i don't see how | i do not see how": 6 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "office-hours-thanks-that-helps", "situation": "office-hours", "intent": "説明で分かったとお礼を言う", "en": "Thanks, that really helps.", "ja": "ありがとうございます、おかげでよく分かりました。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "Thanks, that makes a lot more sense now.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "office-hours", "thanks" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "spoken": { "that really helps | that helps a lot | that helped a lot | that's helpful !to | that was helpful | that's very helpful | that was really helpful | that's really helpful | that's so helpful": 2, "that makes more sense now | it makes more sense now | makes a lot more sense now | makes sense now | makes more sense then | starting to make sense": 2 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（MICASE の学生の発話で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。MICASE の学生の発話では首位が 3 件未満（that really helps | that helps a lot | that helped a lot | that's helpful !to | that was helpful | that's very helpful | that was really helpful | that's really helpful | that's so helpful 2 件）。Math Stack Exchange の質問で最も多い要の部分 that really helps | that helps a lot | that helped a lot | that's helpful !to | that was helpful | that's very helpful | that was really helpful | that's really helpful | that's so helpful（93 件。3 件以上）なので使われている。en の要の部分 that really helps | that helps a lot | that helped a lot | that's helpful !to | that was helpful | that's very helpful | that was really helpful | that's really helpful | that's so helpful も 93 件（3 件以上）なので en のまま。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-10-07" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "office-hours-understand-in-class-not-alone", "situation": "office-hours", "intent": "授業では分かるのに、一人で解くと手が止まることを相談する", "en": "I understand it in class, but I get stuck when I try it on my own.", "ja": "授業では分かるのに、自分でやると手が止まります。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "I can follow it in class, but I can't do it on my own.", "register": "neutral" }, { "en": "It makes sense in lecture, but I keep getting stuck on the homework.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "office-hours", "studying" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "get stuck | got stuck | i'm stuck | i was stuck | i get lost | i got lost": 2, "do it on my own | do it by myself | try it on my own | try it by myself | on my own i | by myself i": 1 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（MICASE の学生の発話で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。MICASE の学生の発話では首位が 3 件未満（get stuck | got stuck | i'm stuck | i was stuck | i get lost | i got lost 2 件）。Math Stack Exchange の質問で最も多い要の部分 get stuck | got stuck | i'm stuck | i was stuck | i get lost | i got lost（33579 件。3 件以上）なので使われている。en の要の部分 get stuck | got stuck | i'm stuck | i was stuck | i get lost | i got lost も 33579 件（3 件以上）なので en のまま。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-28" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "office-hours-when-to-use-which", "situation": "office-hours", "intent": "2 つの方法をどう使い分けるかを聞く", "en": "How do I know which method to use?", "ja": "どの方法を使えばいいか、どうやって見分ければいいですか。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "How do I know when to use substitution and when to use integration by parts?", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "office-hours", "methods", "integration" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "when to use | when do you use | when do i use | when would you use | when should i use": 2 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（MICASE の学生の発話で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。MICASE の学生の発話では首位が 3 件未満（when to use | when do you use | when do i use | when would you use | when should i use 2 件）。Math Stack Exchange の質問で最も多い要の部分 which method | which one to use | which formula to use | which equation to use（867 件。3 件以上）なので使われている。en の要の部分 which method | which one to use | which formula to use | which equation to use も 867 件（3 件以上）なので en のまま。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-28" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "office-hours-which-course-next", "situation": "office-hours", "intent": "次の学期にどの科目を取るべきか相談する", "en": "Should I take Linear Algebra or Calc II next semester?", "ja": "次の学期は線形代数と Calc II のどちらを取るべきでしょうか。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "Which one would you recommend taking next semester?", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "office-hours", "courses" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "should i take | should i be taking | would you recommend taking | do you recommend taking": 4 }, "sources": [ "micase" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（MICASE の学生の発話で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。話者のコーパスで首位の要の部分 should i take | should i be taking | would you recommend taking | do you recommend taking（4 件。3 件以上）。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-28" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "office-hours-why-did-i-lose-points", "situation": "office-hours", "intent": "返ってきた答案で減点された理由を聞く", "en": "I'm not sure why I lost points here.", "ja": "ここでなぜ減点されたのか分からなくて。", "register": "polite", "variants": [ { "en": "Could you explain what was wrong with my answer?", "register": "polite" } ], "tags": [ "office-hours", "grading" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "sources": [], "counted": "2026-09-26" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（MICASE の学生の発話で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。MICASE の学生の発話では首位が 3 件未満（0 件）。Math Stack Exchange の質問で最も多い要の部分 what was wrong with my | what's wrong with my | what i did wrong（1614 件。3 件以上）なので使われている。en の要の部分 why i lost points | lost points on | lost points for | took points off | took off points | why did i lose points も 9 件（3 件以上）なので en のまま。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-28" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "omit", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "式を書くとき掛け算の記号を省略すると伝える", "en": "We usually leave out the multiplication sign.", "ja": "掛け算の記号はふつう省略します。", "register": "neutral", "tags": [ "notation", "algebra" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" }, { "type": "textbook", "title": "OpenStax Prealgebra 2e", "note": "10.5 Integer Exponents and Scientific Notation（It is customary in scientific notation to use × as the multiplication sign。notes）" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "multiplication sign | times sign | multiplication symbol": 22 }, "sources": [ "khan-algebra", "khan-ap-calc", "khan-ap-stats", "khan-middle", "mit-18.01", "yt:3blue1brown" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "notes": [ "科学的記数法（3.2 × 10⁴）の × は省かない（OpenStax Prealgebra 2e の 10.5 Integer Exponents and Scientific Notation は、代数のほかの式では避ける × を科学的記数法では使うのが慣習だと書く）。" ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "on-the-interval-from-0-to-2", "situation": "exam", "intent": "方程式を解く範囲（区間）を指定する（問題文）", "en": "Find all solutions on the interval [0, 2π).", "ja": "0 ≦ θ < 2π の範囲で解け。", "register": "written", "variants": [ { "en": "Find all solutions in the interval [0, 2π).", "register": "written" } ], "tags": [ "trigonometry", "instructions" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "written": { "solutions … on the interval | solutions on the interval | solve … on the interval | solve on the interval | equations on the interval | equation on the interval | exactly on the interval": 11, "solutions … in the interval | solutions in the interval | solve … in the interval | solve in the interval | equations in the interval | equation in the interval | exactly in the interval": 1 }, "sources": [ "openstax-algtrig", "openstax-calculus", "openstax-precalculus" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "organize-in-a-table", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "表に整理する", "en": "Let's make a table.", "ja": "表にまとめましょう。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "Let's set up a table.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "data", "tables" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "make a table": 28, "set up a table": 14 }, "sources": [ "khan-algebra", "khan-ap-calc", "khan-ap-stats", "khan-middle", "micase", "mit-6.042", "yt:blackpenredpen", "yt:organicchem" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "organize-the-data", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "データを整理する（小さい順に並べる）", "en": "Put the data in order from least to greatest.", "ja": "データを小さい順に並べましょう。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "Put the numbers in order from smallest to largest.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "statistics", "data" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "least to greatest": 35, "smallest to largest": 3 }, "sources": [ "khan-ap-calc", "khan-ap-stats", "khan-middle" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "probabilities-sum-to-1", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "確率の合計が 1 になることを確かめさせる", "en": "The probabilities have to add up to one.", "ja": "確率を全部足すと 1 になります。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "The probabilities sum to one.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "probability" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "add up to one | add up to 1": 35, "sum to one | sum to 1": 1 }, "sources": [ "khan-algebra", "khan-ap-calc", "khan-ap-stats", "khan-middle", "micase", "mit-18.03", "mit-18.06", "mit-6.042", "yt:3blue1brown", "yt:nancypi", "yt:organicchem", "yt:patrickjmt" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "rationalize-and-take-the-limit", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "根号を含む式を有理化してから極限をとる", "en": "Rationalize first, then take the limit.", "ja": "有理化してから極限をとります。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "Multiply by the conjugate, and then take the limit.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "limits", "radicals" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "multiply by the conjugate | multiply … by the conjugate": 9, "rationalize": 55 }, "sources": [ "khan-algebra", "khan-ap-calc", "khan-middle", "micase", "mit-18.06", "yt:blackpenredpen", "yt:nancypi", "yt:organicchem", "yt:patrickjmt", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "represent-with-a-graph", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "グラフに描いて様子を見る", "en": "Let's graph it and see what it looks like.", "ja": "グラフに描いて様子を見てみましょう。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "Let's draw a graph.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "graphs" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "draw a graph": 9, "graph it": 184 }, "sources": [ "khan-algebra", "khan-ap-calc", "khan-ap-stats", "khan-middle", "micase", "mit-18.01", "mit-18.02", "mit-18.06", "yt:3blue1brown", "yt:blackpenredpen", "yt:nancypi", "yt:organicchem", "yt:patrickjmt", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "rewrite-the-expression", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "式を扱いやすい形に書き直す", "en": "Let's rewrite this as a single fraction.", "ja": "これを 1 つの分数に書き直しましょう。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "Let's rewrite the expression.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "algebra" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "rewrite … as | rewrite this as | rewrite it as": 339, "rewrite the expression | rewrite this expression": 27 }, "sources": [ "khan-algebra", "khan-ap-calc", "khan-ap-stats", "khan-middle", "micase", "mit-18.01", "mit-18.02", "mit-18.03", "mit-18.06", "mit-6.042", "yt:3blue1brown", "yt:blackpenredpen", "yt:nancypi", "yt:organicchem", "yt:patrickjmt", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "since", "situation": "written-solution", "intent": "答案で理由を「〜なので」と書く", "en": "Since f′(x) > 0, f is increasing.", "ja": "f′(x) > 0 なので、f は増加する。", "register": "written", "variants": [ { "en": "Because f′(x) > 0, f is increasing.", "register": "written" } ], "tags": [ "proof", "reasons" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "written": { "since": 2161, "because": 1523 }, "sources": [ "mit-notes", "openstax-algtrig", "openstax-calculus", "openstax-elemalg", "openstax-intalg", "openstax-introstats", "openstax-prealgebra", "openstax-precalculus" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "split-at-the-median", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "中央値でデータを下半分と上半分に分ける（四分位数を求める）", "en": "The median splits the data into a lower half and an upper half.", "ja": "中央値でデータを下半分と上半分に分けます。", "register": "neutral", "tags": [ "statistics", "quartiles" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "lower half | upper half": 33 }, "sources": [ "mit-18.02", "mit-18.03", "mit-6.042", "yt:organicchem", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "split-the-integral", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "途中で式が変わるので、積分区間を分けて計算すると伝える", "en": "We need to split the integral here.", "ja": "ここで積分区間を分けます。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "Let's break it into two intervals at x = 0.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "integration" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "spoken": { "break … integral | split … integral | splitting … integral | broke … integral | broken … integral": 15, "into two intervals": 2 }, "sources": [ "khan-ap-calc", "mit-18.01", "mit-18.02", "yt:blackpenredpen", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "square-and-add", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "2 つの式を 2 乗して足し、θ を消去する", "en": "Square both equations and add them.", "ja": "両方の式を 2 乗して足します。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "Square and add.", "register": "casual" } ], "tags": [ "trigonometry", "algebra" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "square and add | square them and add | square … and add them": 7 }, "sources": [ "khan-ap-stats", "mit-18.02", "mit-18.03", "mit-18.06", "yt:nancypi", "yt:organicchem" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（講義のコーパスと MICASE の教員の発話で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。話者のコーパスで首位の要の部分 square and add | square them and add | square … and add them（7 件。3 件以上）。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-28" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "squares-are-nonnegative", "situation": "written-solution", "intent": "実数の 2 乗は 0 以上であることを理由に使う", "en": "Since a square is never negative, (x − 1)² ≥ 0.", "ja": "実数の 2 乗は 0 以上なので、(x − 1)² ≧ 0 である。", "register": "written", "variants": [ { "en": "Squares of real numbers are always nonnegative.", "register": "written" } ], "tags": [ "proof", "inequality" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "written": { "always nonnegative": 2, "never negative": 8 }, "sources": [ "mit-notes", "openstax-elemalg", "openstax-intalg", "openstax-prealgebra" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（書き言葉のコーパスと参照で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。話者のコーパスで首位の要の部分 never negative（8 件。3 件以上）。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-10-07" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "take-positive-values", "situation": "written-solution", "intent": "関数が常に正の値をとると書く", "en": "f(x) is always positive.", "ja": "f(x) は常に正の値をとる。", "register": "written", "variants": [ { "en": "f takes only positive values.", "register": "written" } ], "tags": [ "functions", "inequality" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "written": { "is always positive | always positive": 25 }, "sources": [ "mit-notes", "openstax-algtrig", "openstax-calculus", "openstax-elemalg", "openstax-intalg", "openstax-introstats", "openstax-prealgebra" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "the-area-of-the-region-bounded-by", "situation": "exam", "intent": "曲線で囲まれた部分の面積を求めさせる（問題文）", "en": "Find the area of the region bounded by y = x² and y = x + 2.", "ja": "曲線 y = x² と直線 y = x + 2 で囲まれた部分の面積を求めよ。", "register": "written", "variants": [ { "en": "Find the area of the region enclosed by the two curves.", "register": "written" } ], "tags": [ "integration", "area", "instructions" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "written": { "region bounded by": 89, "region enclosed by": 33 }, "sources": [ "mit-notes", "openstax-calculus" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "the-base-is-greater-than-1", "situation": "written-solution", "intent": "底が 1 より大きいので、不等号の向きは変わらないと書く", "en": "Since the base is greater than 1, the inequality sign stays the same.", "ja": "底が 1 より大きいので、不等号の向きは変わらない。", "register": "written", "variants": [ { "en": "Since the base is greater than 1, the direction of the inequality does not change.", "register": "written" } ], "tags": [ "exponents", "logarithms", "inequality" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "written": { "inequality stays the same | inequality … stays the same": 9 }, "sources": [ "openstax-elemalg" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（書き言葉のコーパスと参照で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。話者のコーパスで首位の要の部分 inequality stays the same | inequality … stays the same（9 件。3 件以上）。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-10-07" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "the-common-ratio-is-less-than-1", "situation": "written-solution", "intent": "公比の絶対値が 1 より小さいので等比級数が収束すると書く", "en": "Since |r| < 1, the series converges.", "ja": "|r| < 1 なので、この級数は収束する。", "register": "written", "tags": [ "series", "convergence" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "written": { "the series converges": 82 }, "sources": [ "mit-notes", "openstax-calculus", "openstax-intalg" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "the-derivative-is-zero", "situation": "written-solution", "intent": "その点で微分係数が 0 になる（接線が水平になる）と書く", "en": "The graph of f has a horizontal tangent at x = a.", "ja": "f のグラフは x = a で水平な接線をもつ。", "register": "written", "variants": [ { "en": "The derivative is zero at x = a.", "register": "written" } ], "tags": [ "derivatives", "tangent-line" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "written": { "horizontal tangent": 19, "!second !partial !its !whose derivative is zero | !second !partial !its !whose derivative equals zero | !second !partial !its !whose derivative is equal to zero": 7 }, "sources": [ "mit-notes", "openstax-calculus" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "the-equation-holds", "situation": "written-solution", "intent": "等式が成り立つことを示し終えたと書く", "en": "Thus, the identity is verified.", "ja": "よって、等式は成り立つ。", "register": "written", "variants": [ { "en": "Therefore, the equation holds.", "register": "written" } ], "tags": [ "proof", "identity" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "written": { "the identity is verified | we have verified the identity": 2, "the equation holds | the identity holds | the equality holds": 1 }, "sources": [ "openstax-algtrig" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-human-settled", "note": "要の部分は人間が決めた（2026-09-26。docs/DECISIONS.md「Phase 3 フレーズ 2 の前の修正」の 4）。Thus, the identity is verified. ／ Therefore, the equation holds.。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-26" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "the-one-sided-limits-agree", "situation": "written-solution", "intent": "左側極限と右側極限が一致するので極限が存在すると書く", "en": "Since the left-hand and right-hand limits are equal, the limit exists.", "ja": "左側極限と右側極限が等しいので、極限は存在する。", "register": "written", "variants": [ { "en": "Since the one-sided limits are equal, the limit exists.", "register": "written" } ], "tags": [ "limits" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "written": { "left-hand and right-hand limits … equal | left- and right-hand limits … equal | right-hand and left-hand limits … equal | left-hand and right-hand limits are the same | left- and right-hand limits are the same": 4, "one-sided limits … equal | one-sided limits agree | one-sided limits are the same": 1 }, "sources": [ "openstax-precalculus" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（書き言葉のコーパスと参照で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。話者のコーパスで首位の要の部分 left-hand and right-hand limits … equal | left- and right-hand limits … equal | right-hand and left-hand limits … equal | left-hand and right-hand limits are the same | left- and right-hand limits are the same（4 件。3 件以上）。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-10-07" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "the-tangent-line-passes-through", "situation": "written-solution", "intent": "接線がある点を通ることを条件として使う", "en": "Since the tangent line passes through (0, −1),", "ja": "接線が点 (0, −1) を通るので、", "register": "written", "variants": [ { "en": "The tangent line goes through (0, −1).", "register": "written" } ], "tags": [ "derivatives", "tangent-line" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "written": { "passes through": 367, "goes through": 22 }, "sources": [ "mit-notes", "openstax-algtrig", "openstax-calculus", "openstax-elemalg", "openstax-intalg", "openstax-introstats", "openstax-prealgebra", "openstax-precalculus" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "top-minus-bottom", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "2 つの曲線の間の面積は、上の関数から下の関数を引いて積分すると伝える", "en": "It's top minus bottom.", "ja": "上の曲線から下の曲線を引きます。", "register": "casual", "variants": [ { "en": "Subtract the bottom curve from the top curve.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "integration", "area" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-09-28", "evidence": { "spoken": { "top minus bottom | top … minus bottom !exponent !power | top minus … bottom !exponent !power | top … minus … bottom !exponent !power": 14, "subtract the bottom | subtract the lower": 4 }, "sources": [ "khan-ap-calc", "khan-middle", "mit-18.01", "yt:organicchem", "yt:patrickjmt", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-09-28" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-09-28", "human": null } }, { "id": "what-we-want-to-show", "situation": "written-solution", "intent": "何を示せばよいかを書く", "en": "We need to show that f(x) > 0 for all x.", "ja": "示すべきことは、すべての x について f(x) > 0 となることである。", "register": "written", "variants": [ { "en": "We want to show that f(x) > 0 for all x.", "register": "written" } ], "tags": [ "proof" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "written": { "we need to show": 10, "we want to show": 4 }, "sources": [ "mit-notes", "openstax-algtrig", "openstax-calculus", "openstax-elemalg" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（書き言葉のコーパスと参照で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。話者のコーパスで首位の要の部分 we need to show（10 件。3 件以上）。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-10-07" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "where", "situation": "written-solution", "intent": "式の後に文字の条件を書き添える（ただし〜）", "en": "x = π/2 + kπ, where k is an integer.", "ja": "x = π/2 + kπ（ただし k は整数）", "register": "written", "tags": [ "notation", "conditions" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "written": { "where … is an integer | where … is a constant | where … are constants | where … is a positive": 108 }, "sources": [ "mit-notes", "openstax-algtrig", "openstax-calculus", "openstax-elemalg", "openstax-intalg", "openstax-introstats", "openstax-prealgebra", "openstax-precalculus" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "write-as-a-limit-of-a-sum", "situation": "class-listening", "intent": "定積分を和の極限の形で書き直す", "en": "Write it as the limit of a Riemann sum.", "ja": "和の極限の形に書き直しましょう。", "register": "neutral", "variants": [ { "en": "Let's write the integral as the limit as n approaches infinity of a sum.", "register": "neutral" } ], "tags": [ "integration", "limits" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "spoken": { "limit of … riemann sum | limit of the sum | limit of this sum": 7, "limit as n approaches infinity of a riemann sum | limit as n approaches infinity of the sum | limit as n approaches infinity of a sum": 3 }, "sources": [ "khan-ap-calc", "yt:profleonard" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（講義のコーパスと MICASE の教員の発話で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。話者のコーパスで首位の要の部分 limit of … riemann sum | limit of the sum | limit of this sum（7 件。3 件以上）。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-10-07" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "written-solution-as-desired", "situation": "written-solution", "intent": "証明の最後に「以上で示された」「（証明終わり）」と書く", "en": "Hence a + b is even, as desired.", "ja": "よって、a + b は偶数である。以上で示された。", "register": "written", "variants": [ { "en": "This completes the proof.", "register": "written" }, { "en": "Hence a + b is even, as required.", "register": "written" }, { "en": "Hence a + b is even, which is what we wanted to show.", "register": "written" }, { "en": "∎", "register": "written", "note": "証明の終わりの記号（Q.E.D. とも書く。記号のエントリ qed-end-of-proof）。" } ], "tags": [ "writing", "proof" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" }, { "type": "textbook", "title": "OpenStax Calculus Volume 1" }, { "type": "textbook", "title": "OpenStax Calculus Volume 3" }, { "type": "reference", "title": "日本語版 Wikipedia「証明 (数学)」", "url": "https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A8%BC%E6%98%8E%20%28%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%29", "note": "証明の終わりの書き方: Q.E.D.、証明終わり、[証明終]" }, { "type": "reference", "title": "Oscar Levin, Discrete Mathematics: An Open Introduction, 4th edition", "url": "https://discrete.openmathbooks.org/dmoi4.html", "note": "解答の末尾の QED.（2 件）、This completes the proof.（2 件）" }, { "type": "reference", "title": "W. Keith Nicholson, Linear Algebra with Applications (Lyryx, 2021A)", "url": "https://openlibrary-repo.ecampusontario.ca/jspui/bitstream/123456789/897/2/Nicholson-OpenLAWA-2021A.pdf", "note": "This completes the proof.（6 件）、…, as required.（38 件）" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-08", "evidence": { "written": { "!small !large !close !accurate !accurately as desired. | !small !large !close !accurate !accurately as desired,": 5, "this completes the proof !that !of | which completes the proof !that !of | !having !then !to completes the proof. | !having !then !to completes the proof, | !having !then !to completing the proof !that !of": 3, "as required. | as required,": 1 }, "sources": [ "mit-notes", "openstax-calculus" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "notes": [ "日本語版 Wikipedia「証明 (数学)」は、証明の終わりに「Q.E.D.」「証明終わり」「[証明終]」などを書くとする。英語では最後の文で締めるか（This completes the proof. ／ …, as desired.）、∎ や □ を置く（記号のエントリ qed-end-of-proof）。", "「証明終わり」を直訳して proof end などと書かない。", "Nicholson と Levin には This completes the proof. で締める証明がある（Nicholson 6 件・Levin 2 件）。Nicholson は …, as required. で締めることも多い（38 件）。OpenStax Calculus は …, as desired. と締めて □ を置く。", "Q.E.D. はラテン語 quod erat demonstrandum（示すべきことが示された）の略。Levin では解答の末尾に出る程度。" ], "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（書き言葉のコーパスと参照で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。話者のコーパスで首位の要の部分 !small !large !close !accurate !accurately as desired. | !small !large !close !accurate !accurately as desired,（5 件。3 件以上）。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-10-07" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-08", "human": null } }, { "id": "written-solution-by-induction", "situation": "written-solution", "intent": "帰納法の証明の結びを書く", "en": "By induction, the statement holds for all n ≥ 1.", "ja": "以上より、数学的帰納法によってすべての自然数 n について成り立つ。", "register": "written", "variants": [ { "en": "By the principle of mathematical induction, the statement holds for all n ≥ 1.", "register": "written", "note": "Levin（4.5 Proof by Induction）の締めの言い方。" } ], "tags": [ "writing", "proof", "induction" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" }, { "type": "reference", "title": "Oscar Levin, Discrete Mathematics: An Open Introduction, 4th edition", "url": "https://discrete.openmathbooks.org/dmoi4.html", "note": "4.5 Proof by Induction（by the principle of mathematical induction。variant）" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "written": { "by induction !hypothesis": 34 }, "sources": [ "mit-notes" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "written-solution-by-the-theorem", "situation": "written-solution", "intent": "答案で定理を根拠に挙げる（〜の定理より）", "en": "By the Pythagorean Theorem, AC = 5.", "ja": "三平方の定理より AC = 5。", "register": "written", "variants": [ { "en": "Using the Pythagorean Theorem, AC = 5.", "register": "written" }, { "en": "It follows from the Pythagorean Theorem that AC = 5.", "register": "written" } ], "tags": [ "writing", "theorems" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-08", "evidence": { "written": { "!we !that !to !equation using the … theorem,": 12, "!guaranteed !predicted !implied by the … theorem": 55, "follows from the … theorem": 1 }, "sources": [ "mit-notes", "openstax-algtrig", "openstax-calculus", "openstax-intalg", "openstax-introstats" ], "counted": "2026-10-08" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-08", "human": null } }, { "id": "written-solution-case", "situation": "written-solution", "intent": "答案で場合分けを書く", "en": "There are two cases: x ≥ 0 and x < 0.", "ja": "x ≥ 0 のときと x < 0 のときの 2 つの場合に分ける。", "register": "written", "variants": [ { "en": "Case 1: x ≥ 0.", "register": "written" } ], "tags": [ "writing", "cases" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "written": { "case one": 29, "two cases | three cases": 45 }, "sources": [ "mit-notes", "openstax-algtrig", "openstax-calculus", "openstax-elemalg" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "written-solution-combining", "situation": "written-solution", "intent": "答案で「(1)、(2) より」と結果を合わせる", "en": "Putting this together, x = 2.", "ja": "以上より（(1)、(2) より）、x = 2 である。", "register": "written", "variants": [ { "en": "Combining these two results, we get x = 2.", "register": "written" }, { "en": "From (1) and (2), x = 2.", "register": "written", "note": "式番号を引く書き方。" } ], "tags": [ "writing", "connectives" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-08", "evidence": { "written": { "combining these two results | combining these results | combining the two results | combining these equalities | combining these … equalities | combining these inequalities | combining these … inequalities | combining these equations | combining these … equations | combining these … approximations | combining these conditions !is | combining these … conditions | combining these … cases | combining this with | !property combining both": 8, "putting this together | putting these together | putting it all together | putting everything together": 11 }, "sources": [ "mit-notes", "openstax-algtrig", "openstax-calculus", "openstax-elemalg", "openstax-intalg" ], "counted": "2026-10-08" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（書き言葉のコーパスと参照で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。話者のコーパスで首位の要の部分 putting this together | putting these together | putting it all together | putting everything together（11 件。3 件以上）。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-10-08" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-08", "human": null } }, { "id": "written-solution-conclusion-because-reason", "situation": "written-solution", "intent": "答案で結論と理由を 1 文で書く（極値の判定）", "en": "f changes from increasing to decreasing at x = 2, so f has a relative maximum there.", "ja": "f は x = 2 で増加から減少に変わるので、x = 2 で極大となる。", "register": "written", "variants": [ { "en": "f has a relative maximum at x = 2 because f′ changes from positive to negative there.", "register": "written" } ], "tags": [ "writing", "extrema" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" }, { "type": "reference", "title": "College Board, AP Calculus AB and BC Course and Exam Description (Effective Fall 2020)", "url": "https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/media/pdf/ap-calculus-ab-and-bc-course-and-exam-description.pdf", "note": "exam（changes from negative to positive）" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "written": { "changes from negative to positive | changes from positive to negative | changes sign from negative to positive | changes sign from positive to negative": 3, "changes from increasing to decreasing | changes from decreasing to increasing": 11 }, "sources": [ "mit-notes", "openstax-algtrig", "openstax-calculus" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "notes": [ "AP Calculus の CED の採点例（試験の章 Question 2）は、理由の行を f′ の符号の変化（negative から positive）で書く。f の増減で結論を書くときも、f′ の符号から増減を言う行を前に置くと理由がはっきりする。" ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "written-solution-final-answer", "situation": "written-solution", "intent": "答案の最後に答えを書く", "en": "The solution is x = 3.", "ja": "答　x = 3", "register": "written", "variants": [ { "en": "Answer: x = 3", "register": "written", "note": "答えの行を Answer: で始める書き方。" } ], "tags": [ "writing", "answer" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "written": { "the solution is | the solutions are | the solution set is": 145 }, "sources": [ "mit-notes", "openstax-algtrig", "openstax-calculus", "openstax-elemalg", "openstax-intalg", "openstax-introstats", "openstax-prealgebra", "openstax-precalculus" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "written-solution-for-some-integer", "situation": "written-solution", "intent": "答案で「k は整数」と条件を添える", "en": "n = 2k + 1, where k is an integer.", "ja": "n = 2k + 1（k は整数）と表せる。", "register": "written", "variants": [ { "en": "n = 2k + 1 for some integer k.", "register": "written" } ], "tags": [ "writing", "integers" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "written": { "for some integer": 7, "where … is an integer | where … is any integer | where … are integers": 43 }, "sources": [ "mit-notes", "openstax-algtrig", "openstax-calculus", "openstax-elemalg", "openstax-intalg", "openstax-prealgebra", "openstax-precalculus" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "written-solution-from-the-graph", "situation": "written-solution", "intent": "答案で「グラフより」と根拠を示す", "en": "From the graph, f(2) = 3.", "ja": "グラフより、f(2) = 3 である。", "register": "written", "variants": [ { "en": "The graph shows that f(2) = 3.", "register": "written" } ], "tags": [ "writing", "graphs" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "written": { "from the graph | from the graphs": 51, "graph shows that | graphs show that": 5 }, "sources": [ "mit-notes", "openstax-algtrig", "openstax-calculus", "openstax-elemalg", "openstax-intalg", "openstax-prealgebra", "openstax-precalculus" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "written-solution-given-prove", "situation": "written-solution", "intent": "幾何の証明で仮定と結論を書く", "en": "Given: AB = CD, AB ∥ CD. Prove: △ABC ≅ △CDA.", "ja": "仮定：AB = CD, AB // CD　結論：△ABC ≡ △CDA", "register": "written", "tags": [ "writing", "proof", "geometry" ], "notes": [ "CK-12 Geometry の二段組みの証明（two-column proof）の型で、証明の問題を Given（仮定）と Prove（示すこと）で始め、statements と reasons の 2 列で書く。" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" }, { "type": "reference", "title": "CK-12 Geometry (K12 LibreTexts)", "url": "https://k12.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Mathematics/Geometry", "note": "Given : … Prove : … で始まる証明の問題（4.13 SSS・4.14 SAS・4.15 ASA and AAS ほか、32 件）" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-08", "evidence": { "sources": [], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-human-settled", "note": "型は人間が決めた（2026-09-26。docs/DECISIONS.md「Phase 3 慣習差 2 の前の修正」の 2）: 「Given: … Prove: …」。例の中身は台帳の文で、監査 12 で仮定 AB ∥ CD を足した（仮定が足りず結論を示せなかった）。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-09-26" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-08", "human": null } }, { "id": "written-solution-hypotheses-are-met", "situation": "written-solution", "intent": "定理の仮定が満たされることを書く", "en": "Since f is continuous on [1, 3] and differentiable on (1, 3), the Mean Value Theorem applies.", "ja": "f は [1, 3] で連続、(1, 3) で微分可能なので、平均値の定理が使える。", "register": "written", "variants": [ { "en": "The hypotheses of the Mean Value Theorem are satisfied.", "register": "written" } ], "tags": [ "writing", "theorems" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "written": { "hypotheses … are satisfied | conditions … are satisfied | hypotheses are met | conditions are met | hypotheses are satisfied | conditions are satisfied": 16, "theorem applies | rule applies | theorem can be applied | theorem may be applied | rule can be applied": 25 }, "sources": [ "mit-notes", "openstax-algtrig", "openstax-calculus", "openstax-intalg", "openstax-introstats", "openstax-precalculus" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "written-solution-i-e", "situation": "written-solution", "intent": "答案で「すなわち」と言い換える", "en": "The tangent line at x = 1 is horizontal; that is, f′(1) = 0.", "ja": "x = 1 における接線は水平、すなわち f′(1) = 0 である。", "register": "written", "variants": [ { "en": "The tangent line at x = 1 is horizontal, i.e., f′(1) = 0.", "register": "written" } ], "tags": [ "writing", "connectives" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-08", "evidence": { "written": { "that is,": 297, "i.e.": 84 }, "sources": [ "mit-notes", "openstax-algtrig", "openstax-calculus", "openstax-elemalg", "openstax-intalg", "openstax-introstats", "openstax-prealgebra", "openstax-precalculus" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-08", "human": null } }, { "id": "written-solution-it-suffices-to-show", "situation": "written-solution", "intent": "答案で「〜を示せば十分である」と書く", "en": "It suffices to show that f′(x) > 0.", "ja": "f′(x) > 0 を示せば十分である。", "register": "written", "variants": [ { "en": "It is enough to show that f′(x) > 0.", "register": "written" } ], "tags": [ "writing", "proof" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" }, { "type": "reference", "title": "W. Keith Nicholson, Linear Algebra with Applications (Lyryx, 2021A)", "url": "https://openlibrary-repo.ecampusontario.ca/jspui/bitstream/123456789/897/2/Nicholson-OpenLAWA-2021A.pdf", "note": "5.5 Similarity and Diagonalization・7.2 Kernel and Image of a Linear Transformation ほか（it suffices to show）" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "written": { "it suffices to show | it suffices to prove | suffices to show": 2, "it is enough to show | it's enough to show | enough to show that": 1 }, "sources": [ "mit-notes", "openstax-calculus", "openstax-introstats" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-reference-fallback", "note": "コーパスで決まらない（書き言葉のコーパスと参照で数えた。話: 対象外 ／ 書: どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（①②③ で判定しない））。要の部分は Nicholson の呼び方 it suffices to show | it suffices to prove | suffices to show（7.2 Kernel and Image of a Linear Transformation・7.4 A Theorem about Differential Equations・5.5 Similarity and Diagonalization）。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-10-07" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "written-solution-let-epsilon-be-given", "situation": "written-solution", "intent": "ε-δ の証明を書き始める", "en": "Let ε > 0 be given.", "ja": "任意の ε > 0 をとる。", "register": "written", "tags": [ "writing", "proof", "limits" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-08", "evidence": { "written": { "let ε > zero be given | ε > zero be given | let ε > zero": 15 }, "sources": [ "openstax-calculus" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-08", "human": null } }, { "id": "written-solution-let", "situation": "written-solution", "intent": "答案で文字を導入する（〜を x とする）", "en": "Let x be the number of tickets sold.", "ja": "売れたチケットの枚数を x とする。", "register": "written", "variants": [ { "en": "Let x represent the number of tickets sold.", "register": "written" }, { "en": "Let x denote the number of tickets sold.", "register": "written" } ], "tags": [ "writing", "variables" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "written": { "let … be the": 278, "let … denote": 64, "let … represent": 74 }, "sources": [ "mit-notes", "openstax-algtrig", "openstax-calculus", "openstax-elemalg", "openstax-intalg", "openstax-introstats", "openstax-prealgebra" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "written-solution-no-solution", "situation": "written-solution", "intent": "答案で「解なし」と書く", "en": "Therefore, there is no solution.", "ja": "よって解なし。", "register": "written", "variants": [ { "en": "The equation has no real solutions.", "register": "written" } ], "tags": [ "writing", "equations" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "written": { "no solution | no solutions": 257, "no real solution | no real solutions | no real roots": 46 }, "sources": [ "mit-notes", "openstax-algtrig", "openstax-calculus", "openstax-elemalg", "openstax-intalg", "openstax-precalculus" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "written-solution-note-that", "situation": "written-solution", "intent": "答案で「〜に注意する」と書く", "en": "Notice that x² + 1 > 0 for all x.", "ja": "ここで、すべての x について x² + 1 > 0 であることに注意する。", "register": "written", "variants": [ { "en": "Note that x² + 1 > 0 for all x.", "register": "written" } ], "tags": [ "writing", "connectives" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "written": { "note that": 474, "notice that": 590 }, "sources": [ "mit-notes", "openstax-algtrig", "openstax-calculus", "openstax-elemalg", "openstax-intalg", "openstax-introstats", "openstax-prealgebra", "openstax-precalculus" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "written-solution-on-the-other-hand", "situation": "written-solution", "intent": "答案で「一方、」と対比する", "en": "On the other hand, f(3) < 0.", "ja": "一方、f(3) < 0 である。", "register": "written", "tags": [ "writing", "connectives" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "written": { "on the other hand": 83 }, "sources": [ "mit-notes", "openstax-algtrig", "openstax-calculus", "openstax-introstats", "openstax-prealgebra" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "written-solution-reject-extraneous", "situation": "written-solution", "intent": "答案で「x = −2 は不適」と書く", "en": "x = −2 is an extraneous solution, so we reject it.", "ja": "x = −2 は不適。", "register": "written", "variants": [ { "en": "x = −2 does not satisfy the original equation.", "register": "written" } ], "tags": [ "writing", "equations" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" }, { "type": "textbook", "title": "OpenStax Elementary Algebra 2e", "note": "8.6 Solve Rational Equations・9.6 Solve Equations with Square Roots（extraneous solution）、10.4 Solve Applications Modeled by Quadratic Equations（eliminate the negative solution）" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "written": { "is extraneous | are extraneous | extraneous solution | extraneous solutions": 51, "not satisfy the original": 2 }, "sources": [ "openstax-algtrig", "openstax-calculus", "openstax-elemalg", "openstax-intalg" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "notes": [ "無縁解（もとの方程式を満たさない値）を除くときの言い方。長さが負になるなど問題の条件で除く値は extraneous と呼ばず、OpenStax Elementary Algebra（10.4）は eliminate the negative solution のように書く（フレーズ explaining-solution-threw-out-a-solution）。" ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "written-solution-similarly", "situation": "written-solution", "intent": "答案で「同様にして」と書く", "en": "Similarly, BD = CE.", "ja": "同様にして BD = CE である。", "register": "written", "variants": [ { "en": "By the same argument, BD = CE.", "register": "written" } ], "tags": [ "writing", "connectives" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "written": { "similarly": 253, "by the same argument | by the same reasoning | by a similar argument": 4 }, "sources": [ "mit-notes", "openstax-algtrig", "openstax-calculus", "openstax-elemalg", "openstax-intalg", "openstax-introstats", "openstax-prealgebra", "openstax-precalculus" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "written-solution-suppose-for-contradiction", "situation": "written-solution", "intent": "背理法の仮定を書く", "en": "Suppose, for the sake of contradiction, that √2 is rational.", "ja": "√2 が有理数であると仮定する（背理法）。", "register": "written", "variants": [ { "en": "Assume to the contrary that √2 is rational.", "register": "written" }, { "en": "Suppose not. Then √2 is rational.", "register": "written" } ], "tags": [ "writing", "proof" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" }, { "type": "reference", "title": "Oscar Levin, Discrete Mathematics: An Open Introduction, 4th edition", "url": "https://discrete.openmathbooks.org/dmoi4.html", "note": "1.4 Proofs・2.2 Trees（for the sake of contradiction）" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "written": { "to the contrary": 1, "suppose not | assume not": 2 }, "sources": [ "mit-notes" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-reference-fallback", "note": "コーパスで決まらない（書き言葉のコーパスと参照で数えた。話: 対象外 ／ 書: どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（①②③ で判定しない））。要の部分は Levin の呼び方 for the sake of contradiction | for contradiction（2.2 Trees・1.4 Proofs）。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-10-07" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "written-solution-suppose", "situation": "written-solution", "intent": "答案で仮定を置く", "en": "Suppose that f(a) = f(b).", "ja": "f(a) = f(b) とする（と仮定する）。", "register": "written", "variants": [ { "en": "Assume that f(a) = f(b).", "register": "written" } ], "tags": [ "writing", "proof" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "written": { "assume that": 289, "suppose that": 402 }, "sources": [ "mit-notes", "openstax-algtrig", "openstax-calculus", "openstax-elemalg", "openstax-introstats", "openstax-prealgebra", "openstax-precalculus" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "written-solution-taking-the-limit", "situation": "written-solution", "intent": "答案で「n → ∞ とすると」と極限をとる", "en": "Taking the limit as n → ∞, we get L = 1/2.", "ja": "n → ∞ とすると、L = 1/2 を得る。", "register": "written", "variants": [ { "en": "Letting n approach infinity, we get L = 1/2.", "register": "written" } ], "tags": [ "writing", "limits" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "written": { "letting … approach | letting … go to | letting … tend to": 3, "taking the limit as | taking the limit of both sides | taking limits": 33 }, "sources": [ "mit-notes", "openstax-calculus" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "written-solution-then", "situation": "written-solution", "intent": "答案で「すると」と式をつなぐ", "en": "This gives f′(x) = 2x − 4.", "ja": "すると f′(x) = 2x − 4 である。", "register": "written", "variants": [ { "en": "Then we have f′(x) = 2x − 4.", "register": "written" } ], "tags": [ "writing", "connectives" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "written": { "this gives | which gives": 167, "then we have": 29 }, "sources": [ "mit-notes", "openstax-algtrig", "openstax-calculus", "openstax-elemalg", "openstax-intalg", "openstax-introstats", "openstax-prealgebra", "openstax-precalculus" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "written-solution-therefore", "situation": "written-solution", "intent": "答案で「よって」「したがって」と書く", "en": "Therefore x = 3 is the only solution.", "ja": "よって x = 3 が唯一の解である。", "register": "written", "variants": [ { "en": "Thus x = 3 is the only solution.", "register": "written" }, { "en": "Hence x = 3 is the only solution.", "register": "written" }, { "en": "So x = 3 is the only solution.", "register": "neutral", "note": "therefore ／ hence より口語的。" } ], "tags": [ "writing", "conclusion" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "written": { "therefore": 1293, "thus": 631, "hence": 201 }, "sources": [ "mit-notes", "openstax-algtrig", "openstax-calculus", "openstax-elemalg", "openstax-intalg", "openstax-introstats", "openstax-prealgebra", "openstax-precalculus" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } }, { "id": "written-solution-we-have", "situation": "written-solution", "intent": "答案で「〜であるから」と成り立つ事実を示す", "en": "We have that f(2) = 5, so the point (2, 5) is on the graph of f.", "ja": "f(2) = 5 であるから、点 (2, 5) は f のグラフ上にある。", "register": "written", "variants": [ { "en": "We get that f(2) = 5.", "register": "written" } ], "tags": [ "writing", "connectives" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-08", "evidence": { "written": { "we have that": 10, "we get that": 1 }, "sources": [ "mit-notes", "openstax-calculus", "openstax-intalg" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "flags": [ { "code": "corpus-attested-only", "note": "どの要の部分も 10 件に届かない（書き言葉のコーパスと参照で数えた）ので ①②③ で判定しない。話者のコーパスで首位の要の部分 we have that（10 件。3 件以上）。register は主張しない。", "raised": "2026-10-07" } ], "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-08", "human": null } }, { "id": "written-solution-which-implies", "situation": "written-solution", "intent": "答案で「〜となり、…である」と結論を導く", "en": "2x = 6. It follows that x = 3.", "ja": "2x = 6 となり、x = 3 である。", "register": "written", "variants": [ { "en": "2x = 6, which implies x = 3.", "register": "written" }, { "en": "2x = 6, so x = 3.", "register": "neutral", "note": "so は口語的。答案でも使う。" }, { "en": "2x = 6 ⟹ x = 3", "register": "written", "note": "記号だけの書き方。⟹ は implies と読む（記号のエントリ implies-arrow）。" } ], "tags": [ "writing", "connectives" ], "sources": [ { "type": "editorial" } ], "confidence": "verified", "updated": "2026-10-07", "evidence": { "written": { "which implies": 31, "it follows that": 46 }, "sources": [ "mit-notes", "openstax-algtrig", "openstax-calculus", "openstax-introstats" ], "counted": "2026-10-07" }, "reviewed": { "machine": null, "audit": "2026-10-07", "human": null } } ]